中国式现代化进程中农村居民的社会比较与风险感知  

Social Comparison and Risk Perception of Rural Residents in the Process of Chinese-style Modernization

作　　者：胡荣[1] 莫思凡 HU Rong;MO Si-fan(School of Sociology and Anthropology,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian 361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学社会与人类学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期103-116,共14页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“健全我国乡村基层治理体系研究”(项目编号:20ZDA081)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：个体的风险感知不仅被各类客观因素所形塑,也是在不同参照中“比来的”结果。中国式现代化进程中,农村新旧群体的涌现与分化为“比较”提供了新的场域。本文依此分析了社会比较对农村居民风险感知的影响及作用路径。研究发现:第一,时序上的个体比较优势和横截面的群体比较优势均能显著降低农村居民的风险感知,这证实了人们对风险的感知在一定程度上也是与“他人”相互比照的结果。第二,农民倾向于与亲戚和所在城市其他居民进行比较,而农民工倾向于跟邻居与所在城市其他居民进行比较。第三,心理情绪在社会比较优势对风险感知的削弱作用过程中发挥部分中介作用,个体现代化能力加强了群体比较优势对于风险感知的削弱作用。因此,不仅需要引导农村居民进行合理的比较,关注其风险感知更是维护良好社会心态、建设和谐乡村,实现全面中国式现代化的应有之义。Individual risk perception is not only shaped by various objective factors,but also the result of“comparison”between different references.In the process of Chinese modernization,the differentiation and emergence of old and new rural groups provide a new field for such“comparison”.This paper makes analysis on the impact of social comparison on rural residents’risk perception and its action path.The findings are as follows:Firstly,both the individual comparative advantage in a time sequence aspect and the group comparative advantage on a cross-sectional aspect can significantly reduce the risk perception of rural residents,which confirms that perception of risk is also the result of comparison with“others”.Secondly,farmers tend to compare themselves with relatives and other residents of their cities,while migrant workers tend to compare themselves with their neighbors and other residents of their cities.Thirdly,psychological emotion plays a partial mediating role in the weakening effect of social comparative advantage on risk perception,and individual modernization ability strengthens the weakening effect of group comparative advantage on risk perception.Therefore,it is not only necessary to guide the rural residents to make a reasonable comparison,and to pay attention to their risk perception,but also to maintain a good social mentality,build a harmonious countryside,and realize the comprehensive Chinese-style modernization.

关 键 词：现代化 社会比较 风险感知 农村居民 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理]