民族交往交流交融的典型例证——中国古代合璧文字文献刍论  

A Typical Example of Ethnic Exchanges and Integration: On Bilingual and Multi Lingual Literature in Ancient China

作　　者：史金波[1] SHI Jin-bo(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing:100081)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期5-23,共19页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金特别委托项目“西夏文献文物研究”(批准文号11@ZH001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：中国作为统一的多民族国家,在存世的大量文献中,有很多两种或两种以上民族文字书写、镌刻在一起的文献,形成颇具特色的合璧文字文献。本文从大量存世和出土的文献,包括碑刻、印章、钱币、符牌、书籍、社会文书、题记等中搜集合璧文字文献,按朝代顺序系统梳理论述。同时,进一步探讨合璧文献的成因,认为这些文献源于中国历史上民族之间的密切关系,有的宣示中央和地方政权的关系,有的记录有关重大历史事件,有的显示社会生活、培养双语人才、科举考试和传播宗教的实际需要。并且分析了合璧文献有历时长、文种多、数量大、以汉文为主体、呈渐增趋势等特点。论证了合璧文献在历史学、民族学、文字学、语言学和文化交流方面的重要学术价值,形成中华民族文化的一道亮丽的彩线,折射出中华民族多元一体的内在联系,体现出其多学科、多方面的学术价值和文物价值,是中华民族优秀传统文化有特色的瑰宝,值得特别珍视。China,as a unified multi-ethnic country,enjoys a large number of surviving documents that were written or engraved in bilingual or multi-lingual way,which forms up a distinctive multi lingual literature.This article collects bilingual and multi lingual literature from a large number of surviving and unearthed documents,including tablet inscriptions,seals,coins,identity symbols,books,social documents,prefaces and etc..and systematically reviews them according to dynastic order.At the same time,the article further explores the causes of the multi lingual literature,claiming that these documents testifies the close relationship between ethnic groups in Chinese history,with some declaring the relationship between the central government and local ethnic regime,some recording major historical events,while some showing social life,cultivating bilingual professionals,the realistic needs for imperial examinations and dissemination of certain religions.The article also analyzes the characteristics of multi lingual literature including its long duration,diversity,large quantity,increasing amount dominated by Han Chinese and etc..It demonstrates the important academic value of such bilingual and multi lingual literature in history,ethnology,philology,linguistics and cultural exchange.It forms up the colorful diversity of Chinese national culture,while reflects the internal connection of diversity in unity of the Chinese nation,its multidisciplinary and multifaceted academic value and historical relic value,which is the cherishing unique treasure of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：文字 合璧文献 汉文 民族文字 交往交流交融 

分 类 号：H1-09[语言文字—汉语] H2[社会学—民族学] C95