中央财政补助对民族地区经济发展的作用分析  

Analysis of the Function of Central Financial Subsidies on the Economic development of Ethnic Areas

作　　者：丁赛[1] DING Sai(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第1期107-118,共12页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程重大科研规划项目“铸牢中华民族共同体意识重大问题研究”(项目编号:2019ZDGH017)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：新中国建立后至改革开放前,国家通过民族地区民主改革和社会主义改造、三线建设制定的向民族地区倾斜的经济发展政策切实加快了民族地区经济发展,使各民族感受到了祖国大家庭的照顾。改革开放至今,随着国家实力的跃升,中央财政补助支持民族地区经济发展的力度逐步增加。21世纪初国家制定并实施了西部大开发战略、兴边富民行动和扶持人口较少民族发展。党的十八大以后,国家重点在民族地区开展精准扶贫、精准脱贫工作;当下正强化举措推进西部大开发形成新格局。民族地区通过艰苦努力,在中央政府支持和东西对口支援帮扶下完胜脱贫攻坚,实现了跨越式发展。本文主要基于民族地区1992年至2017年的中央财政补助数据,从铸牢中华民族共同体意识的角度,分析了中央财政补助规模的变化以及中央财政补助对民族地区财政平衡及对经济发展的作用;证实了"坚持各民族一律平等,铸牢中华民族共同体意识,实现共同团结奋斗,共同繁荣发展"的国家制度和国家治理体系的显著优势。主要结论为:中央政府秉持全国一盘棋的发展思路,民族地区获得的中央财政补助规模不断增加,在中央财政帮助下民族八省区实现了财政平衡;并证实了民族八省区获得的中央财政补助与经济发展之间的相互促进关系。From the establishment of People’s Republic of China until the reform and opening up,the economic development policies for ethnic areas through democratic reform,socialist transformation,third tier city construction have effectively accelerated the economic development of ethnic areas,and allowed all ethnic people feel the special caring from the motherland.Since the reform and opening up,the central government subsidies to support economic development in ethnic areas have gradually increased as the country enhanced its strength.At the beginning of the 21 st century,the state formulated and implemented the strategy of western development,made actions to revitalize the border areas and enrich the people,and supported the development of ethnic groups with a small population.After the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the national focus was put on targeted poverty alleviation in ethnic areas.At present,we are taking strengthening measures to promote the western development to form a new pattern.Through hardworking efforts,ethnic areas have attained leapfrog development in fulfilling poverty alleviation with the support of the central government and the support of their counterparts in eastern China’s much more developed regions.This paper is mainly based on the data of the central financial subsidy from 1992 to 2017,and makes analysis on the changes of the scale of the central financial subsidy and the role of the financial balance of the ethnic areas and the economic development.It confirmed the remarkable advantages of the national system and governance system that“uphold the equality of all ethnic group,while solidifying the consciousness of the Chinese national community while attaining common unity and common prosperity and development”.The main conclusions are as follows:the central government has upheld the national development as a whole while the ethnic areas have obtained continued increase of central financial subsidies;with the help of the central government,the eight ethnic

关 键 词：中央财政补助 财政收入 财政支出 财政平衡 

分 类 号：F812.45[经济管理—财政学] F127.8