福贡傈僳语的施受标记  

Marker System of Fugong Lisu Language

作　　者：李翔[1] 黄成龙[2] LI Xiang;HUANG Cheng-long(School of Humanities,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,Beijing 200234;Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234 [2]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第2期155-162,共8页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中国民族语言形态句法类型学研究”(18ZDA298)的阶段性成果.

摘　　要：福贡傈僳语作为一种以动词结尾(SOV/APV)、分析型为主的语言,其虚词或语法标记较为复杂,有表示动词及其论元关系的施受标记,但都不是强制性的,它们会受语义、句法及语用的制约。在福贡傈僳语的基本结构中,可根据动词的及物性与不及物性,将基本结构分为及物动词结构和不及物动词结构两类。文章基于其基本结构的基础之上对施受标记在施受关系以及受施关系中的出现规律做了分析,发现在生命度差异、句法结构、话题化以及论元省略等因素的制约下,施事标记-ne33和受事标记-tε33会有规律地出现在施事论元和受事论元之后,在句中起到标记施事论元和受事论元在句中的语义角色的作用。施受关系下,在双及物结构、致使结构中以及当施事论元的生命度低于受事论元时,施受标记(-ne33和-tε33)都要出现;当施事论元的生命度与受事论元相当时,通常只出现受事标记-tε33;而当施事论元的生命度高于受事论元时,施受标记(-ne33和-tε33)不会出现;当句中的受事论元省略时,施事标记-ne33必须出现。而在受施关系下,当施事者和受事者的生命度相当时,施受标记(-ne33和-tε33)都必须出现;当句中的施事论元省略时,受事标记-tε33必须出现;在假分裂结构以及当受事论元被话题化时,句中只出现施事标记-ne33。除此之外,施事标记-ne33在福贡傈僳语中还可作为并列标记、工具格标记和补语标记,具有多功能性。Fugong Lisu language is an analytical language ending with verb(SOV/APV).The function words or grammatical markers of the language are comparatively complex.Markers are not mandatory though,since they are restricted by semantics,syntax and pragmatics.In the basic structure of the official language of Fugong Lisu language,the basic structure can be divided into two types,transitive verb and intransitive verb structures.Based on its basic structure,this article makes analysis on the regularity of the occurrence of markers in the relationship between giving and receiving.Results indicate that that under the constraints of the difference of life degree,syntactic structure,topic and argument omission,the agent mark-ne33 and the subject mark-tε33 may appear regularly after the argument of the agent and the argument of the subject.Under the relationship of giving and receiving,in the double transitive structure,and when the life degree of the argument of the agent is lower than that of the argument of the subject,the signs of application(-ne33 andtε33)will appear in the structure and when the life degree of the agent argument is the same as that of the subject argument,usually only the subject mark-tε33 appears.When the life of the agent argument is higher than that of the subject argument,the application mark(-ne33 and-tε33)does not appear and when the subject argument in the sentence is omitted,the agent mark-ne33 must appear.In the relationship of receiving and giving,when the life of the giver and the recipient is the same,the sign of giving(-ne33 and-tε33)must both appear;when the argument in the sentence is omitted,the acceptance mark-tε33 must appear.In addition,the agent marker-ne33 is multifunctional,and can also be used as juxtaposition marker,instrumental marker and complement mark in Fugong Lisu language.

关 键 词：傈僳语 施事论元 受事论元 标记 

分 类 号：H256[语言文字—少数民族语言]