风景书写的递变——论白居易诗中的“人化风景”特色  

The Transformation of Landscape Writing:On the Characteristics of“Humanized Landscape”in Bai Juyi's Poems

作　　者：吕梅 Lyu Mei(Department of Chinese Literature,Taiwan Tsing Hua University,Tsinchu,Taiwan,300,China)

机构地区：[1]台湾清华大学中文系,中国台湾新竹300

出　　处：《厦大中文学报》2022年第1期77-88,共12页Journal of Chinese Studies,Xiamen University

摘　　要：古典诗中的风景书写的流变,可说是人走进风景,进而参构风景的“人化自然”的过程。它以人对于自然的“行动”为前提。景与人的关系,由中古早期单纯的看与被看之分隔,渐生出情景交融的意境之美;至中古晚期诗中,“人化风景”的书写大盛。白居易乃其中之代表。他借风景中的“行动”将陌生地域转化为富有意义的“存在空间”和“家宅”,也从中展示了他的生活美学、生存哲学、儒者内心。在诗句法层面,它表现为小句主题之“人”和“人工景致”的出现及增多,取代了单纯以自然景致作为主语的单一形态;搭配“人”的述语的动作动词渐趋多样,从“游”“观”,到“游宴”“嬉乐”,再到“开掘”“种植”“侍弄”“营建”,“风景”由远离人寰到日常可见。The evolution of landscape writing in classical poetry can be characterized as a process of“the humanization of nature”in which people enter the landscape and then reconstruct the landscape.It is premised on man's“action”towards nature.The relationship between man and the landscape,from the initial stage where man was the main subject and the landscape was a supplement,gradually changed into the situation that the beauty of nature was appreciated by human’s aesthetic attention.After that,Bai Juyi and other Mid-Tang poets physically transformed the wild and simple nature,constructing villas or houses,and made nature a habitable place.Man’s“action”in the scenery transformed the unexplored region into a meaningful“existence space”and“house”,which also showed his life aesthetics,philosophy of existence and the heart of a Confucianist.On the syntactic level,it is manifested in the emergence and increase of“people”and“artificial scenery”of the Clause Topic,replacing the single form with natural scenery as the subject.The action verbs with“predicate”are becoming more and more diverse,from“tour”and“view”,to“banquet”,“fun”,and then to“dig”,“planting”,“lane”,“construction”.Thus“landscape”shifted from far away from the human world to the daily visible.

关 键 词：白居易 风景诗 行动 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]