异色瓢虫色斑亚型差异性研究进展  

Research Progress on the Diversity of Color Pattern Subtypes in Harmonia axyridis

作　　者：肖达[1] 田仁斌 陈旭 吴萌萌 徐庆宣 张君明[1] 臧连生 王甦[1] XIAO Da;TIAN Renbin;CHEN Xu;WU Mengmeng;XU Qingxuan;ZHANG Junming;ZANG Liansheng;WANG Su(Institute of Plant Protection,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;College of Plant Protection,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering of Ministry of Education,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物保护研究所,北京100097 [2]吉林农业大学植物保护学院,长春130118 [3]贵州大学绿色农药与农业生物工程教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2022年第4期1009-1019,共11页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31801794);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20200110);北京市科技计划课题(Z201100008020014)

摘　　要：异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)是农业和林业上一种重要的捕食性天敌昆虫,对蚜虫、叶螨、蚧壳虫等农林害虫具有很强的捕食能力。除了作为捕食性天敌昆虫受到广泛的关注外,其鞘翅色斑多样性也是昆虫遗传学和生理学的研究热点。异色瓢虫鞘翅主要由黑色或黄色作为底色,镶嵌以黄色或黑色点状色斑,根据鞘翅底色可以将其简单分为黑底型和黄底型。本文综述分析了异色瓢虫不同色斑亚型个体之间差异性的研究成果,从地理分布、生物学特性、环境适应度、捕食能力、选型交配、耐受性等方面进行了阐述。为异色瓢虫规模化繁育、人工释放技术提供了较为全面的参考因素。另外,从遗传机制和生理通路方面,综述了异色瓢虫种内色斑多样性形成的内在原因。经典的“镶嵌显性遗传”理论和新近发现的转录因子Pannier调控机制是异色瓢虫产生色斑多样性的重要遗传机制。以多巴胺为核心的黑色素合成途径是异色瓢虫体壁黑化的主要生理通路。此外,从异色瓢虫人工繁育、释放应用以及作为研究种内表型多样性的模式昆虫等方面,展望了未来的研究方向。Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)is an important predatory natural enemy in agriculture and forestry that has a strong predatory ability to aphids,spider mite,scale insect,among the others.Besides,H.axyridis has emerged as a research hotspot in insect genetics and physiology study for the diversity of the elytra color patterns.The elytra of H.axyridis is basically black or yellow as the basic color,inlaid with yellow or black spots.According to the basic color of elytra,the insect is simply divided into black and yellow patterns.In this paper,we summarized and analyzed the differences of subtypes in H.axyridis in geographic distribution,biological characteristics,environmental adaptability,prey capacity,assortative mating,tolerance and other aspects,to provide a comprehensive reference for the large-scale breeding and artificial release of H.axyridis.In addition,we also summarized the internal causes of diverse color patterns in H.axyridis from genetic mechanism and physiological pathway aspects.The classical“mosaic dominant inheritance”theory and the newly discovered regulation mechanism of transcription factor Pannier are the important genetic mechanisms of diverse color pattern in H.axyridis.The dopamine melanin synthesis pathway is the main physiological pathway for the melanization in H.axyridis.Furthermore,the future research directions of H.axyridis were outlooked from the aspects of artificial breeding,release applications,and a model insect for the intraspecific phenotypic diversity research.

关 键 词：异色瓢虫 颜色模式 差异性 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]