向日葵菌核病拮抗木霉菌筛选及防病效果  

Screening of Trichoderma and Their Efficiency Against Sunflower Sclerotinia Rot

作　　者：陈玉蓉 曹秋林 廉华[2] 马光恕[2] 蒋细良[1] 李梅[1] CHEN Yurong;CAO Qiulin;LIAN Hua;MA Guangshu;JIANG Xiliang;LI Mei(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部作物有害生物综合治理综合性重点实验室,北京100193 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学园艺园林学院,大庆163319

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2022年第4期846-851,共6页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1002000-02)

摘　　要：采用平板对峙、离体叶片检测、盆栽和田间试验,筛选出3株对向日葵菌核病有较强拮抗能力的木霉菌,分别为深绿木霉TrichodermaatrovirideN862、长枝木霉T.longibrachiatumN246和哈茨木霉T.harzianumX102。3株木霉对向日葵菌核病菌的生长抑制率均超85%,离体叶片试验显示,N862、N246和X102对病斑扩展的抑制率分别为90.6%、96.5%和63.8%,表现出良好的防病效果。分别采用木霉孢子拌土、灌根、拌土+灌根3种处理方式对向日葵菌核病进行盆栽防治试验,结果显示拌土+灌根处理防病效果最佳,3株木霉的防效均超过73%。采用拌土+灌根处理进行防治向日葵菌核病田间试验,N862、N246和X102对病害的田间防效分别为67.54%、49.96%和49.23%,其中以N862的防效最高,3株木霉对向日葵菌核病均表现出良好的防病效果,有重要的开发应用潜力。Three Trichoderma strains,T.atroviride N862,T.longibrachiatum N246 and T.harzianum X102,were screened for control of sunflower sclerotinia rot by plate confrontation,detached leaf detection,pot and field trials.The growth inhibition rates of the three Trichoderma strains against S.sclerotiorum,pathogen of sunflower sclerotinia rot,were all over 85%.The inhibition rates of N862,N246 and X102 on the expansion of leaf lesions on detached leaves were 90.6%,96.5%and 63.8%,respectively.Soil amendment followed by plant drenching with Trichoderma spores gave the best control effect against sunflower sclerotinia rot,with the efficacy of over 73%for all the three strains in pot trials,and 67.54%,49.96%and 49.23%by N862,N246 and X102 in field experiments,respectively.N863 showed the highest control effect and all three Trichoderma strains are promising for practical application.

关 键 词：木霉 向日葵 菌核病 防治效果 

分 类 号：S476.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S435.655[农业科学—植物保护]