从内地到边疆:19世纪下半叶俄国农民向北高加索迁移运动  

From the Hinterland to the Frontier:Russian Peasant Migration to the North Caucasus in the Second Half of the 19th Century

作　　者：娄益华 王晓菊[2,3] Lou Yihua;Wang Xiaoju

机构地区：[1]大连外国语大学俄语学院 [2]中国社会科学院大学历史学院 [3]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2022年第12期111-126,136,共17页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：中国社会科学院“登峰战略”学科建设计划俄罗斯东欧史重点学科项目;中国社会科学院世界历史研究所创新工程大型学科奠基性项目“社会主义史:理论与实践新探”的阶段性成果

摘　　要：19世纪60年代,俄国迎来大改革时期,并结束了漫长的高加索战争。在此背景下,大批俄国农民从内地省份迁往北高加索,形成了持续近半个世纪之久的移民潮。至20世纪初,外来移民已占据北高加索大部分地区。北高加索移民运动并非自发,而是沙皇政府殖民扩张的重要举措。它在一定程度上巩固了俄罗斯帝国在北高加索的统治基础,亦给当地社会经济带来了根本性变化,实现了将北高加索地区纳入全俄政治经济一体化之目的。同时,外来民族的生活方式和思想文化给当地少数民族带来了强大冲击。沙皇政府的俄罗斯化政策引发了严重的民族矛盾,这成为日后影响俄罗斯历史进程的不安定因素之一。In the 1860s,Russia ushered in a period of great reform and witnessed the end of the long Caucasian War.Against this backdrop,large numbers of Russian peasants moved from the interior provinces to the North Caucasus,creating a wave of migration that lasted for nearly half a century.By the early 20th century,migrants had taken over large areas of the North Caucasus.This in-migration movement was not voluntary,but an important measure of the colonial expansion of the Tsarist government.This in-migration movement consolidated the ruling foundation of the Russian Empire in the North Caucasus to a certain extent,brought fundamental changes to the local society and economy and realized the purpose of bringing the North Caucasus region into the whole Russian political and economic integration.At the same time,Russian ideology,culture and way of life have brought a strong impact on the local minorities.The russification policy of the Tsarist government also caused serious ethnic conflicts,which became one of the insecure factors affecting the course of Russian history in the future.

关 键 词：俄罗斯帝国 北高加索 农奴制改革 移民运动 

分 类 号：K512.4[历史地理—历史学]