长江口及邻近海域春、夏季浮游动物优势种时空生态位分析  

Spatial-temporal niche of dominant zooplankton species in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent waters in spring and summer

作　　者：杨杰青 陈朗 杨阳阳 周进[1] 史赟荣[1] 高倩[1] 尹艳娥[1] YANG Jieqing;CHEN Lang;YANG Yangyang;ZHOU Jin;SHI Yunrong;GAO Qian;YIN Yan’e(East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,China Academy of Fisheries Science,Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fisheries Resources Development and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 200090,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2022年第11期1625-1635,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB429005);中国水产科学研究院东海渔业水域生态环境监测与修复创新团队项目(2020TD14)

摘　　要：为探究长江口及邻近海域春、夏季浮游动物优势种时空生态位,利用2016—2018年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)长江口及邻近海域浮游动物及环境调查数据,分析了该海域浮游动物优势种时空生态位特征,并基于冗余分析(RDA)对优势种与环境因子之间的关系进行分析。结果表明,春季优势种以近岸低盐种占绝对优势,夏季优势种以近岸低盐种和暖水种共存,夏季优势种数目高于春季,春季第一优势种虫肢歪水蚤(Tortanus vermiculus)优势度和平均拥挤度均高于夏季。在时间和空间生态位上,真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)、虫肢歪水蚤、长额刺糠虾(Acanthomysis longirostris)和球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)均为广生态位种,而中华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)为窄生态位种。相似生态位种为了实现共存,在时间或空间上发生生态位的分化。空间生态位重叠指数高的种对多具有捕食与被捕食关系。时间生态位上高等级重叠种对关系占比(50.0%)远高于空间生态位高等级重叠种对关系(18.2%)。物种环境排序图通过展示优势种分布与环境因子之间的关系,揭示了优势种在生境中的生态位分化现象。本研究探明的浮游动物优势种的时空生态位分布特征可为研究其种间共存关系、环境适应性及水质环境变动提供依据。We used the survey data of zooplankton and the environment in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent waters to explore the spatial-temporal niches of the dominant species in the spring(May)and summer(August)from 2016 to 2018.The spatial-temporal niche characteristics and ecological groups of the dominant zooplankton species were analyzed,and the relationships between dominant species and environmental factors was based on the redundancy analysis(RDA).The results showed that the dominant species in spring were dominated by coastal low salinity species,while in summer coastal low salinity species coexisted with warm water species.The number of dominant species in summer was higher than that in spring.The first dominant species was Tortanus vermiculus in spring,and its dominance and average crowding were higher than that in the summer.In terms of spatial and temporal niches,Labidocera euchaeta,Tortanus vermiculus,Acanthomysis longirostris,and Pleurobrachia globosa were all broad niche species,while Sinocalanus sinensis was a narrow niche species.To achieve coexistence,niche differentiation occurs in spatial or temporal regions.Species with a high spatial niche overlap index had a high probability of predator-prey relationships.The proportion of high-level overlapping species combination in the temporal niche(50.0%)was much higher than that in the spatial niche(18.2%).The relationship between the distribution of dominant species and environmental factors were shown by the RDA.The species environmental ranking map revealed the niche differentiation of dominant species in the habitat.The spatial-temporal niche distribution characteristics of dominant zooplankton species in this study can provide evidence for interspecific coexistence,environmental adaptability,and changes in water quality.

关 键 词：浮游动物 春季 夏季 长江口 优势种 生态位 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]