新疆克孜勒河5种土著鱼食性分析  

Analysis of the diet of 5 indigenous fishes in Kizil River,Xinjiang

作　　者：赵贺 赵年桦 李丽 强壮 魏杰[1,2,4] 聂竹兰 ZHAO He;ZHAO Nianhua;LI Li;QIANG Zhuang;WEI Jie;NIE Zhulan(College of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,China;State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for The Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin Co-funded by Xinjiang Corps and The Ministry of Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,China;School of Life Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,China;Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology,Xinjiang Production&Construction,Alaer 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔843300 [2]省部共建塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用国家重点实验室,新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔843300 [3]塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔843300 [4]新疆生产建设兵团塔里木畜牧科技重点实验室,新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2022年第10期1461-1474,共14页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560721,31860729);新疆生产建设兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划项目(2018CB033);塔里木大学校长基金项目(TDZKCX202204);中国海洋大学塔里木大学科研合作联合基金项目(ZHYLH201902)

摘　　要：为探究克孜勒河5种土著鱼食物组成及其营养级,本研究选取采自于克孜勒河的塔里木裂腹鱼(Schizothorax biddulphi)、宽口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax eurystomus)、厚唇裂腹鱼(Schizothorax irregularis)、叶尔羌高原鳅(Triplophysa yarkandensis)和长身高原鳅(Triplophysa tenuis)5种鱼样品共46尾作为研究对象,运用传统形态学方法,对样品5个摄食器官形态性状进行分析,通过高通量测序技术分析其肠道食物组成,并测定了碳、氮稳定同位素以分析其营养级。研究结果显示,3种裂腹鱼属鱼类摄食器官形态较为相近,2种高原鳅摄食器官形态基本一致;厚唇裂腹鱼肠长比约为2.95,主要食物来源于初级生产者,包括刚毛柽柳(Tamarix hispida)、野大豆(Glycine soja)和白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)等;宽口裂腹鱼肠长比较短,约为2.56,食物以初级生产者为主,如二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon),也会捕食一些小型鱼类;塔里木裂腹鱼肠长比较短,约为2.38,食物以裂腹鱼属鱼类为主,其次为白柠檬(Citruslatifolia);叶尔羌高原鳅与长身高原鳅比肠长均小于1,肠道中裂腹鱼属鱼类丰度达到95%以上;塔里木裂腹鱼、宽口裂腹鱼和厚唇裂腹鱼营养级分别为3.19、2.78和2.52,叶尔羌高原鳅与长身高原鳅营养级为3.44和3.55;综合判断厚唇裂腹鱼属植食性鱼类,宽口裂腹鱼为杂食性偏植食性鱼类,塔里木裂腹鱼为杂食性偏肉食性鱼类,叶尔羌高原鳅和长身高原鳅为肉食性鱼类。本研究拓展了对克孜勒河食物网的认识,探明克孜勒河鱼类食物关系和营养级,为克孜勒河鱼类资源保护及合理利用提供基础数据。The Kizil River belongs to the Kashgar River system in the southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Inhabited by a variety of indigenous fishes,the food habits and trophic levels of the fish in the Kizil River have yet to be investigated.In this study,the food composition and trophic levels of five indigenous fish species from the Kizil River were determined.To this end,46 samples of Schizothorax biddulphi,Schizothorax eurystomus,Schizothorax irregularis,Ttriplophysa yarkandensis and Triplophysa tenuis from the Kizil River were evaluated.The fish samples were analyzed for the morphological traits of the five feeding organs using traditional morphological methods.Furthermore,their intestinal food composition was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing techniques,and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were measured to analyze their trophic levels.δ^(15)N andδ^(13)C of Schizothorax and Triplophysa were used to construct the trophic structure and calculate the values of ecological indicators and parameters of the biotope.The results showed that the morphological differences of the feeding organs of the five indigenous fish species were comprised mainly of the intestinal length ratio and lip thickness.The two highland loaches had the same feeding organ morphology,a short intestinal length ratio,a small mouth cleft,and a slender body.A total of 4442842 valid sequence fragments were obtained from 46samples using Illumina high-throughput sequencing.The lowest number of sequences in the samples was 60269,while the highest was 134,129,and the average number of sequences was 96583±16515.A total of 554 OTUs were obtained from 46 samples after clustering.The main bait organisms found in the stomach of the 46 specimens belonged to Chordata,Streptophyta,and Nematoda,among which the gut length ratio of S.irregularis was about 2.95.The main food source was primary producers,including Tamarix hispida,Glycine soja,and Nitraria tangutorum.During foraging in the riverbed substrate,the small individual benthic nematodes of S.ir

关 键 词：裂腹鱼属 高原鳅属 食性 高通量测序 稳定同位素 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]