黄海南部小黄鱼种群动态和开发模式  

Population dynamics and exploitation patterns of small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) in the Southern Yellow Sea

作　　者：严利平[1] 刘尊雷[1] 金艳[1] 程家骅[1] 熊瑛[2] 胡翠林[3] YAN Liping;LIU Zunlei;JIN Yan;CHENG Jiahua;XIONG Ying;HU Cuilin(Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province,Nantong 226007,China;Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province,Zhoushan 316021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090 [2]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007 [3]浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2022年第7期960-968,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31802297);农业农村部近海渔业资源调查项目(2018-2021)

摘　　要：小黄鱼(Larimichthyspolyactis)在中国的海洋渔业中占据重要的地位,其种群动态和开发模式的信息更新对指导可持续管理至关重要。本研究利用2018年在黄海南部海域采集的小黄鱼长度-频率数据,获取小黄鱼生长、死亡和种群状况的基础生物学参数,其中,总死亡系数源于长度转换渔获曲线的估算,生物学参考点通过单位补充量渔获量或单位补充量生物量分析来预估;利用渔获长度指标研判小黄鱼的开发模式。结果显示,小黄鱼von Bertalanffy生长方程的渐近体长BL_(∞)=29.26cm,生长系数K=0.26/a,理论初始年龄t_(0)=-0.6326a;总死亡系数Z、自然死亡系数M和捕捞死亡系数F分别为2.83/a、0.52/a和2.31/a,现行渔业开发率(E=0.82)超过估算的生物学参考点(E_(max)=0.67),证实小黄鱼种群超过了最佳开发水平,处于过度开发状态。渔获长度指标进一步分析显示,45.18%的渔获是在性成熟之前捕捞,而巨型亲体占比仅为0.47%,表明该种群同时遭受生长型和补充型过度捕捞。Logistic选择曲线分析表明,小黄鱼渔获概率在50%的选择全长为13.75 cm。可持续的渔业管理需要提高首次开捕全长L_(c),以接近最适捕捞全长L_(opt)=(19.2 cm)为目标。Small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis)plays an important role in marine fisheries in China.However,information on the population dynamics and exploitation patterns of L.polyactis is required to enable its sustainable management.The present study aimed to generate essential biological parameters that affect the growth,mortality,and stock status of L.polyactis using length-frequency data collected from the Southern Yellow Sea in 2018.The total mortality coefficient(Z)was derived from the length-converted catch curve.Further,biological reference points were predicted from yield-and biomass-per-recruit analyses.The exploitation patterns of L.polyactis were also evaluated using size-based indicators.The following growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth equation were estimated:BL_(∞)=29.26 cm,K=0.26/a,and t_(0)=-0.6326 a.The total mortality(Z),natural mortality(M),and fishing mortality(F)rates were 2.83,0.52,and 2.31 per year,respectively.The current fishery exploitation rate(E=0.82)was higher than the estimated biological reference points(E_(max)=0.57),confirming the over-exploitation of L.polyactis in the Southern Yellow Sea.Size indicators of the catches further revealed that 45.18%of the catches were harvested before sexual maturity was achieved,with mega-spawners comprising only 0.47%.This finding indicates that the stock suffered both from growth overfishing and recruitment overfishing.Based on the Logistic selection model,the estimated total length with a 50%probability of capture was 13.75 cm.For the effective and sustainable management of fisheries,fish size at first capture(L_(c))must be increased to achieve the optimal capture total length(L_(opt)=19.2 cm).

关 键 词：小黄鱼 生长 死亡 过度捕捞 长度指标 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]