语境实在论:量子力学反实在论的瓦解者  

Contextual Realism:The Disruptor of Quantum Anti-Realism

作　　者：孙玉忠[1] SUN Yuzhong(School of Marxism,Harbin Normal University,Harbin,Heilongjiang,150025)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学马克思主义学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2023年第8期20-26,共7页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“20世纪60年代以来苏联(俄罗斯)科技哲学与科技史研究”(项目编号:21&ZD062)

摘　　要：围绕量子力学量子实在论和量子反实在论的重大争论,俄苏学者提出了语境实在论的解释方案。语境实在论的目标是向广义哥本哈根解释的回归,克服正统解释之后量子力学各种解释的局限性。语境实在论将物理理论定义为在语言的语境中对物理实在进行识别(测量)的维特根斯坦式的规则,量子对象由量子理论在语境中对其识别来确定,认为对量子系统在给定时刻的状态描述,是给定时刻相对于给定观察者的波函数识别的结果。语境实在论的贡献在于,消减了围绕量子力学的形而上学争论,优化了关系实在论的问题方案,瓦解了流行于当下的量子反实在论。语境实在论有关量子力学的研究对20世纪以来科学实在论的发展形成了重要的支持,语境重建已成为后现代科学实在论走向的一个重要选择。Russian and Soviet scholars propose an explanatory scheme for contextual realism surrounding a major debate over the relationship between quantum realism and quantum anti-realism.The goal of contextual realism is to achieve a return to a broader Copenhagen interpretation,and overcome the limitations of various interpretations of quantum mechanics after the orthodox interpretation.Contextual realism defines physical theories as Wittgenstein-like rules for the identification(measurement)of physical reality in the context of language,and quantum objects are determined by the quantum theory identifying them in context,holding that the state of a quantum system at a given moment is the result of the identification of the wave function at a given moment relative to a given observer.The contribution of contextual realism is that it has eliminated the metaphysical debate around quantum mechanics,optimized the problem scheme of relational realism,and disintegrated the prevailing quantum anti-realism.The research of contextual realism on quantum mechanics has formed an important support for the development of scientific realism since the 20^(th)Century,and contextual reconstruction has become an important option for the direction of postmodern scientific realism.

关 键 词：语境实在论 关系实在论 量子反实在论 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]