先秦名辩学中的归纳论辩试析——胡适的先秦名辩学研究对我们的启示  

Analysis of the Inductive Argumentation of the Pre-Qin-Ming Theory: Some Insights from Hu Shih’s Research on It

作　　者：曹青春[1] 任晓明[2] CAO Qingchun;REN Xiaoming(Department of Philosophy,Shanghai University,Shanghai,200444;School of Philosophy,Nankai University,Tianjin,300071)

机构地区：[1]上海大学哲学系,上海200444 [2]南开大学哲学院,天津300071

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2020年第2期110-116,共7页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“现代归纳逻辑的新发展、理论前沿与应用研究”(项目编号:15ZDB018);上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题“逻辑心理主义及其信念修正研究”(项目编号:2018BZX003);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“人工智能的哲学思考研究”(项目编号:18JZD013).

摘　　要：胡适对先秦名辩学的研究表明,中国逻辑学界所说的"中国逻辑"理论实际上是一种归纳论辩理论,它包括"辟""侔""援""推"和"擢"。以往的研究把"推"和"擢"混同,即认为西方逻辑的枚举(放大性)归纳法与中国名辩学中的类比归纳法是同一种归纳方法。胡适的研究提示我们,"推"是西方逻辑中的枚举归纳法,而"擢"既不同于西方逻辑中的枚举归纳法,也不同于西方逻辑中的类比方法,它是中国古代特有的"类比归纳法",通常称之为"推类"。其特点是:第一,先秦后期墨家的名辩学主要是一种关涉政治伦理的归纳论辩理论。第二,这种论辩理论是依赖语境的,是一种语用论辩理论;是实质论辩而不是形式论辩。第三,这种论辩理论是基于因果关系而不是属种关系,它不是必然推出的演绎理论,而是一种非演绎的或然性归纳论辩。Chinese Logic is a kind of inductive argumentation theory,it includes’Comparison’,’Paralleling’,’Analogy’,’Extension’/’Induction’and’Analogy Induction’which shows from Hu Shih research on Pre-Qin-Ming Theory.It was usually misusing’Extension’/’Induction’and’Analogy Induction’in the past,in other words,they thought enumeration induction in Western Logic is the same with analogy induction in ancient Chinese logic and argumentation.However,Hu Shih’s research suggests that’Extension’/’Induction’is enumeration induction in Western Logic,’Analogy Induction’is not only different from it,but also from analogy method in Western Logic.It has very Ancient Chinese Stylistics,which is so called’Analogy’.It has characteristics as flows:Pre-Qin-Ming Theory is concerning about political ethics and induction argument,it is pragmatics which is a kind of substantive argument instead of a formal argument in terms of context,it is on the basis of causal relations not of genus and species relations,it is not necessarily a deductive theory,but a probabilistic inductive argumentation.

关 键 词：先秦 胡适 名辩学 归纳论辩 

分 类 号：B81-092[哲学宗教—逻辑学]