从最高检第三十八批指导性案例谈民事生效裁判监督  

Discussion on the Supervision of Civil Effective Judgments from the Perspective of the 38th Batch of Guiding Cases of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate

作　　者：冯小光 滕艳军 Feng Xiaoguang;Teng Yanjun(Sixth Procuratorial Office of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate;Procuratorial Committee of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate)

机构地区：[1]最高人民检察院第六检察厅 [2]最高人民检察院检察委员会

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2023年第3期143-162,共20页Journal of National Prosecutors College

摘　　要：民事生效裁判监督是民事检察工作的主责主业,其中民间借贷、买卖合同(包括房屋买卖)、租赁合同等纠纷占比相对较大,所涉法律适用问题对加强民事诉讼精准监督具有指导意义。在民间借贷纠纷证据审查中,应坚持合同类文件审查与款项交付真实性审查的“两条线”审查原则;对鉴定意见应当从多角度加强审查,防止以鉴代审的情况发生。在司法实践中应准确认定“高利贷”,对预先收取本金、变相收取高额利息的行为,应予否定性评价;“一房二卖”纠纷中,前买受人基于房价上涨产生的房屋差价损失,属于可得利益损失,可以依法主张赔偿。检察机关对行使自由裁量权失当问题,应当依法加强监督。检察机关在办案中应当准确适用关于合同解除的法律规定,保障当事人能够按照法定条件和程序解除合同。The supervision of civil effective judgments is the primary responsibility of civil procuratorial work,among which disputes over private lending,sales contracts(including house sales)and lease contracts account for a relatively large proportion,and the application of the law involved is of guiding significance in strengthening the precise supervision of civil litigation.In the review of evidence in private lending disputes,the principle of“two lines”of review should be adhered to in the review of contractual documents and the review of the authenticity of the delivery of money;appraisal opinions should be examined from multiple perspectives to prevent the use of appraisals instead of reviews.In judicial practice,“usury”should be accurately identified,and the behavior of pre-charging principal and collecting high interest in disguise should be negatively evaluated.In the dispute of“one room-two sell”,the former buyer’s house price difference loss based on rising house prices belongs to the acquirable interest loss so he can claim compensation according to law.On the issue of improper exercise of discretion,the procuratorial authorities shall strengthen supervision in accordance with the law.The procuratorial authorities should accurately apply the legal provisions on the rescission of the contract and ensure that the parties can terminate the contract in accordance with the legal conditions and procedures.

关 键 词：民间借贷 高利贷 可得利益损失 权利瑕疵担保 合同解除 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]