法定刑配置的优化:理念与进路  

Optimization of the Configuration of Statutory Penalty:Conception and Approach

作　　者：周光权 Zhou Guangquan(Law School of Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2022年第4期38-53,共16页Journal of National Prosecutors College

摘　　要：我国刑法分则的法定刑规定在宏观及微观层面都有可优化的空间,绝对确定刑的规定、个别犯罪起刑点过高、部分犯罪第一档最高刑过重、对向犯的法定刑设计失衡等,都冲击了罪刑相适应原则。优化法定刑配置应当立足于法益侵害和罪责,兼顾一般预防的需要建构具体的罪刑关系。在设计法定刑时,犯罪的一般预防因素或行为人危险性的影响不能被高估。现代刑法的法定刑设计必须呈现分化的特征,即对大量传统犯罪处罚轻缓,但对有组织犯罪、部分危害公共安全及经济犯罪可以处罚更重。应当推动以自由刑为中心的刑罚结构向自由刑、罚金刑并重的模式转型;对故意犯、过失犯的法定刑应当尽可能衔接性地做出规定;法定刑配置不能无视司法的习惯和难处;一般性地讨论对向犯同罚的意义有限,收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童罪的法定刑配置准确评估了行为的危险性,同时类型性地考虑了行为人的期待可能性,其立法具有合理性。The statutory criminal penalty provisions from the Specific Provisions of China’s Criminal Law have room for optimization from both macro and micro levels.The principle of proportionality between crime and penalty can be undermined by the provisions of sentence with absolute certainty,the over-high penalty point of certain crimes,the over-heavy imprisonment as the first level of maximum penalty,and the imbalance in the design of statutory penalties for correspondence offence.The optimization of the configuration of statutory penalty shall be based on the degree of the infringement of legal interest and the culpability,constructing specific relations between the crime and the penalty under the consideration of the need for general prevention.When designing the statutory penalty,the effect of the general preventive factors for crime or the danger impact of the perpetrator’s act cannot be overestimated.The design statutory penalty of modern criminal law must be characterized by differentiation.For most traditional crimes,the penalty can be lenient,while for organized crimes and crimes that endanger public safety and economy,the penalty shall be severe.We should promote the transformation from the penal structure centered on freedom penalty to a model in which both freedom penalty and fine are emphasized.The statutory penalty for intentional and negligent crimes shall be provided as coherently as possible.The configuration of statutory penalty cannot ignore judicial customs and difficulties.General discussion is of limited significance for the imposition of the same punishment for correspondence offence.The statutory penal configuration for the crime of purchasing abducted women and children has accurately assessed the danger of the act,and at the same time considered the possibility of expectation of the perpetrator in a type,thus its legislation is reasonable.

关 键 词：刑罚理念 法定刑配置 刑罚轻缓化 法定刑协调 对向犯 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]