行政裁量基准的法律属性及其效力分析  

On the Legal Attribute and Effectiveness of Administrative Discretion Standard

作　　者：王青斌 WANG Qingbin

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法治政府研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《政治与法律》2023年第7期18-33,共16页Political Science and Law

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金重大项目“行政法总则制定的理论与实践问题研究”(项目编号:21&ZD191)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：随着行政裁量基准制度法治化进程的不断推进,行政裁量基准的效力问题亟待厘清。行政裁量基准的构造和法律属性是明确行政裁量基准效力的前提问题,行政裁量基准的内部构造包括要件裁量基准和效果裁量基准,其外在表现包括规范性文件、指南、行政惯例等多元形式;行政裁量基准在性质上应当被认定为“内部行政规范性文件”。行政裁量基准的法律效力在适用对象上及于行政机关和相对人,在适用时间上是行政裁量基准公布之后。从行政裁量基准运行过程角度看,行政裁量基准在行政执法实践中具有很强的约束力,行政机关原则上应当遵守行政裁量基准。在行政救济阶段,行政裁量基准的法律效力因是否经过法院的附带审查而有所差异。对于前者,法院应将合法的行政裁量基准作为认定行政行为合法的依据;对于后者,其对于法院没有约束力,但法院原则上应予以尊让。With the continuous advancement of the legalization process of the administrative discretion standard system,its effectiveness needs to be clarified.The structure and legal attribute of the administrative discretion standard are the premise for making its effectiveness clear.The internal structure of the administrative discretion standard includes the element-oriented discretion standard and the effect-oriented discretion standard,and the administrative discretion standard is externally shown in diverse forms such as normative documents,guidelines and administrative practices and should be identified as an"internal administrative normative document"in terms of its nature.The administrative discretion standard is applicable to administrative organs and counterparts,and enters into effect after its announcement.From the perspective of the operation process of the administrative discretion standard,the administrative discretion standard has a strong binding force in the practice of administrative law enforcement,and the administrative organs should abide by the administrative discretion standard in principle.In the stage of remedy against administrative acts,the legal effect of the administrative discretion standard varies due to whether it has been subject to incidental review by the court.For the former,the court should take the legal administrative discretion standard as the basis for determining the legality of administrative acts.For the latter,it is not binding on the court,but the court should honor it in principle.

关 键 词：行政裁量基准 基本构造 法律效力 内部行政规范性文件 

分 类 号：DF3[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]