论落实宪法解释程序机制  

On Implementing Procedural Mechanism of Constitution Interpretation

作　　者：范进学[1] FAN Jinxue

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学法学院,上海200030

出　　处：《政治与法律》2023年第2期16-30,共15页Political Science and Law

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目“加强宪法实施、教育和监督研究”(项目编号:18JZD036)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：党的十九届四中全会以来,党中央关于宪法解释的制度安排已由“健全宪法解释程序机制”转向为“落实宪法解释程序机制”。这一变化意味着启动我国解释程序机制的现实要求已经成为社会共识。因此,从学理上探讨我国法治实践中可能存在的宪法解释程序机制以及其何以完善与落实等问题就具有强烈的现实意义与学术价值。我国目前可供讨论的宪法解释模式有四种,即立法型宪法解释、抽象型宪法解释、附随型宪法解释与独立型宪法解释。其中抽象型与附随型宪法解释是具有中国特色的宪法解释模式。鉴于抽象型宪法解释已开启了我国宪法解释之门,当下亟需启动的是附随型宪法解释程序机制。该机制可在备案审查和由公民、组织提出的审查建议中加以落实,即全国人大常委会通过审查与宪法的规定、原则和精神相抵触的规范性文件,对相应宪法条款的内容作出解释,从而以此启动附随型宪法解释程序机制,以便真正落实我国宪法解释程序机制。Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of CPC,the institutional arrangement on constitution interpretation made by the Central Committee has turned to"implementing the procedural mechanism of constitution interpretation"from"improving the procedural mechanism of constitution interpretation".Such change means that the practical demand for initiating the interpretation procedure mechanism in China has become the social consensus.Therefore,it is of great practical significance and academic value to discuss the procedural mechanism of constitution interpretation possibly existing in the practice of rule of law and how to improve and implement it from the academic perspective.There are four modes of constitution interpretation available for discussion in current China:legislative-style constitution interpretation,abstract constitution interpretation,supplementary constitution interpretation,and independent constitution interpretation,among which abstract and supplementary constitution interpretations are modes of constitution interpretation with Chinese characteristics.Given that the abstract constitution interpretation has opened the door for constitution interpretation in China,it is of urgent necessity to initiate the procedural mechanism of supplementary constitution interpretation,which can be implemented in the record review and suggestion on review put forward by citizens or organizations,namely,the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress reviews normative documents in contradiction with provisions,principles and doctrines of the constitution and gives interpretation on the content of corresponding articles of the constitution,thus initiating the procedural mechanism of supplementary constitution interpretation so as to actually implementing the procedural mechanism of constitution interpretation in China.

关 键 词：宪法解释 合宪性审查程序 宪法解释程序 贯彻落实 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]