“双碳”目标下消费者碳责任及其立法表达  

Consumer Carbon Responsibility under the Carbon Peak and Neutrality Goals and Its Legislative Expression

作　　者：李传轩[1] LI Chuanxuan

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《政治与法律》2023年第1期67-80,共14页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：“双碳”目标的提出和实现,需要在法制层面对碳减排责任进行合理分担和高效实施,而我国目前碳责任规范主要围绕着生产供给侧和生产者进行设计,对消费需求侧的碳减排问题、消费者碳责任的关注和规范远远不够。消费者的弱势地位、消费者主权自由的传统观念、消费行为的非营利性以及责任实现的便利性困境都阻碍着消费者碳责任的承担。对此,需要从全新视角,以低碳消费理论、气候正义理论以及“三重失灵”理论等层面来对消费者碳责任进行证成。当然,消费者与生产者存在着重大差异,其碳责任在内容和形式上都有不同之处,需要根据消费者的特殊情况,划出合理的责任边界。在立法表达方面,应采取碳中和专项立法与关联法律协动立法相结合、柔性责任与刚性责任相结合等模式,并从购买、使用和废弃物处置多环节以及全过程来构建消费者碳责任的规范体系。The proposal and realization of the carbon peak and neutrality goals requires a reasonable allocation and efficient implementation of responsibilities for carbon emission reduction at the level of legal system,however,the current norms of China on carbon responsibility are mainly designed with focus on the production and supply side and producers,and the attention paid to and norms on carbon emission reduction on the consumption and demand side and consumer carbon responsibility are far from enough.The weak status of consumers,the traditional concept of consumer sovereignty and freedom,the non-profit of consuming behavior and the inconvenience of responsibility realization all hinder the assumption of consumer carbon responsibility.Thus,it is necessary to justify consumer carbon responsibility from new perspective and at levels of low-carbon consumption theory,climate justice theory and"triple failure"theory,etc.It is sure that there are major differences between consumers and producers,and their carbon responsibilities are different in terms of content and form,thus it is necessary to draw a reasonable boundary of responsibilities according to the special circumstances of consumers.In terms of the legislative expression,it is necessary to adopt such modes as the combination of special legislation on carbon neutrality and coordinated legislation through related laws,and the combination of soft responsibility and stringent responsibility,and establish a normative system of consumer carbon responsibility from multiple links of purchase,use,waste disposal and the whole process.

关 键 词：“双碳”目标 消费者 碳责任 立法表达 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] X24[政治法律—法学]