司法如何参与气候治理——比较法视角下的观察  

On the Judicial Power’s Role in Climate Governance——An Observation from the Perspective of Comparative Law

作　　者：朱明哲[1] ZHU Mingzhe

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学比较法学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《政治与法律》2022年第7期18-33,共16页Political Science and Law

基　　金：“中国政法大学钱端升杰出学者支持计划”资助项目;中国政法大学科研创新项目“《民法典》生态规范司法适用研究”(项目编号:21ZFG82004);中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划(项目编号:21CXTD02)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：面对气候变化的全球挑战,不少国家都出现了以气候法律或政策为论证依据,或以减缓和应对为主要目标的诉讼,我国也不例外。纵观各国气候变化诉讼实践,司法与政策之间的互动关系表现得尤为明显。我国司法机关通过在大量的债务纠纷、特别是合同纠纷中使用各种政策,取得了减少温室气体排放的效果。相比之下,无论是在欧美还是南方国家,气候变化诉讼中发展出一种以司法推动气候政策发展的模式,可以用“回应型司法”解释。无论是落实还是推动气候政策,司法机关都同样需要使用不具备法律约束力的规范,从而有相互促进、彼此启发的基础。我国气候治理的特点是以宏观经济管理部门为主导、以产业和经济政策为主要手段,所以我国气候变化诉讼的未来挑战也在于如何在司法中适用这些政策。气候政策虽然不能作为裁判依据,但是可以作为说理依据补充对于合同和法律的解释。此外,检察机关还可以探索在公益诉讼中监督政府对气候政策的执行。In the face of the global challenge of climate change,litigation based on climate law or policy as an argument,or with mitigation and response as the primary goal,has emerged in various countries,and China is no exception.It is found from the practices of climate change in various countries that the interactive relationship between justice and policy is evident.The judicial organs of China have achieved the effect of reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the use of various policies in a large number of obligation-related cases,especially in contractual disputes.In contrast,in European-American and the Global South countries,the mode of advancing development of climate policies through justice emerged in climate change litigation may be explained by the idea of"responsive justice".Whether for implementing or for advancing climate policy,the judicial organ equally needs to apply non-legally binding norms so that there is a basis for mutual reinforcement and inspiration.As China’s climate governance characterized largely by the leading role of the macroeconomic administrations and the use of industrial and economic policies as the main tool,the future challenge to climate change litigation in China is how to apply these policies in judicial practices.Although climate policies cannot be used as a basis for adjudication,they may be used as a reasoning basis and materials for construing contracts and laws.In addition,the procuratorate can also explore the possibility of supervising a governmental organ’s implementation of climate policies in public interest litigation.

关 键 词：气候变化诉讼 气候政策 回应型司法 发展路径 

分 类 号：D908[政治法律—法学理论] D912.6[政治法律—法学]