预设同意型诈骗罪的理论阐释及实践展开  

The Theoretical Exposition and Practical Application of the Crime of Fraud involving Pre-granted Consent

作　　者：郑洋 ZHENG Yang

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院,北京102488

出　　处：《政治与法律》2022年第6期68-83,共16页Political Science and Law

基　　金：2021年度司法部法治建设与法学理论研究课题“新型金融诈骗犯罪的刑法治理研究”(项目编号:21SFB4031)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：数字经济时代,具备代行交易功能的自动交易设备、网络交易平台等智能交易主体已超越纯粹的工具范畴,在法律定位上属于电子代理人,是自然人主观意思的延伸。在电子代理交易模式下,自然人对于转移财物占有存在预设同意,行为人通过欺诈性手段满足智能交易主体的识别验证条件来获取、支配财物时,本质是对智能主体背后的真实权利人实施诈骗。预设同意型诈骗罪是基于智能科技发展和交易模式创新的时代背景而演变产生的一种新的诈骗类型,其不仅符合诈骗罪的行为结构,而且具有较强的实践解释力,能够契合司法实践中业已形成的裁判规则。在明知自动交易设备或者网络交易平台存在漏洞的情况下,行为人利用系统漏洞或程序瑕疵进行虚假交易进而非法获取财物时均应认定为诈骗行为,不能简单依据“机器不能被骗”来推翻这一认定结论。In the era of digital economy,intelligent transaction parties such as automatic transaction equipment and online transaction platforms with the function of carrying out transaction on the behalf of others have gone beyond the concept of pure tools,belong to electronic agents in legal attribute and are extension of the subjective intention of natural persons.Under the mode of transaction by electronic agents,natural persons have pre-granted consent for the transfer of possession of property.When the perpetrator obtains and dominates property after satisfying the identification and verification conditions of such intelligent transaction agents through fraudulent means,the essence of such conduct is to commit fraud against the real right-holder behind such intelligent transaction agents.The crime of fraud involving pre-granted is a new type of fraud evolved against the era background of the development of intelligent technology and the innovation of transaction mode,which not only conforms to the behavioral structure of fraud,but also enjoys a strong explanatory power in practice to be able to correspond to adjudicating rules having been established in judicial practice.In the case of being aware of a loophole in automatic transaction equipment or online transaction platform,a perpetrator’s conduct of taking advantage of the system loophole or program flaw to carry out false transaction and thus illegally obtaining property should be determined as fraud and such conclusion should not be overruled simply on basis of the dogmatic rule that a machine cannot be deceived.

关 键 词：数字经济 电子代理 预设同意 诈骗罪 盗窃罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]