分层普惠主义:“社会政策时代”的中国福利体制转型  

Stratified Universalism:The Transformation of China’s Welfare Regime in“the Era of Social Policy”

作　　者：李棉管 许锐欢 覃志庆 Mianguan Li;Ruihuan Xu;Zhiqing Qin

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国公共管理研究中心 [2]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院

出　　处：《中国公共政策评论》2021年第2期1-21,共21页Chinese Public Policy Review

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“‘社会政策时代’的中国福利体制属性及其发展趋势研究”(编号:16BSH134);2016年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“社会政策创新与共享发展”(编号:16JJD630011)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：随着"社会政策时代"的来临,中国的社会保险得到了极大的拓展。但这种拓展在不同维度上表现不一:一方面,在"社会保险获取资格"维度上,社会保险的扩张部分地突破了生产主义福利体制下人力资本的选择性和制度区隔的碎片化,具有了普惠主义的特征;另一方面,在"社会保险福利收益"维度上,基于身份和社会角色的多重分割依然显著,不同身份的社会成员参与不同类型的社会保险项目,且不同项目的福利收益差异显著,形成福利分层效应。两种趋势的结合塑造了"分层普惠主义"的福利体制类型。分层普惠主义是一种在分层基础上的福利资格赋予。与剩余型或选择性福利体制比较起来,分层普惠主义是一种进步;但是,如何从分层普惠主义真正走向福利权利平等,仍是一个重要的社会政策议题。With the advent of“the era of social policy”,China’s social insurance has been greatly expanded.On the one hand,in the dimension of“social insurance qualification”,the expansion of social insurance partially breaks the selectivity of human capital and fragmentation of institutional separation under the productivism welfare system,and has the characteristics of universal regime;on the other hand,in the dimension of“social insurance benefits”,multiple segmentation still exists.Social members with different identities participate in different types of social insurance schemes,and the welfare benefits of different schemes are significantly different,forming a welfare stratification effect.The combination of the two trends has shaped a type of welfare regime in China:stratified universalism.Stratified universalism is a kind of welfare qualification based on stratification.Compared with the selective welfare system,stratified universalism is a kind of progress;however,the way to move from stratified universalism to people’s equal welfare rights is still an important social policy issue.

关 键 词：社会政策时代 福利体制 社会保险获得 分层普惠主义 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学]