大学生课堂注意力偏移的心理诱因与改革路径  

Psychological Inducement and Reform Path of College Students’Learning Input Offset

作　　者：于博 Yu Bo(School of Finance,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学金融学院,天津300222

出　　处：《中国高等教育评论》2022年第1期99-122,共24页China Higher Education Review

摘　　要：文章从学习投入的心理观视角探究本科生课堂注意力偏移现象背后的心理成因及后果,进而反思本科教育改革路径。研究发现:(1)学习者个人兴趣激励及目标激励的缺位导致了学习者学习投入呈现出明显的课堂偏离特征。(2)实证检验证实了兴趣激励和到达性暗示的消失加剧了大学生的信息焦虑和心理安全空间的下降,而此二者对课堂学习倦怠存在显著正影响。(3)社会就业压力的不断加剧导致大学教育越来越被赋予“阶层跃升”的使命。在阶级跃升引发的内卷式竞争下,竞争者必须在每一次竞争中得胜才能保证最终不被淘汰,这导致越是胜利者越会呈现出更高的焦虑,而高功能焦虑下的内卷式竞争使得大学生课后学习负担不断加剧,与课堂学习偏移形成鲜明对照,这意味着应审慎对待为大学生“增负”的政策建议。(4)高功能焦虑在社会层面泛化的表现是内卷,其社会后果是引发阶层固化、结构分化与社会无意识。(5)基于心理观视角提出了从教育体制、家庭、学校、教师、学生、社会等六个维度来化解赢家诅咒、改善课堂行为偏移的本科教育改革路径。This paper studies the psychological causes and consequences behind the phenomenon of"the high motivated learner with low learning input",and then reflects on the path of undergraduate education reform.The results show that:Firstly,the mismatch between learners’personal interests,personalized goals and learning content leads to the deviation between learners’learning input and their interests/goals.Secondly,the empirical test confirmed that the disappearance of interest incentive and arrival incentive lead to College Students’information anxiety and psychological security space declining,which had significant positive impacts on learning burnout.Thirdly,The increasing competition in social employment leads to the fact that college education is increasingly given the mission of"class leap".Under the tough involution,competitors must win in each competition to ensure that they will not be eliminated,which leads to the fact"The more victory,the more anxiety".The involution under the pressure of high functional anxiety leads college student to the increasing after-school learning inputs,which contrasts to the deviation of in-classroom low input.Therefore,we should carefully implement the reform of"increasing the burden"for college students.Fourthly,winner curse will not only cause high functional anxiety,but also cause class solidification,social structure differentiation and social unconsciousness.Finally.based on the psychological perspective,this paper puts forward the strategies of undergraduate education reform from six dimensions to resolve the winner curse and improve the offset of learning inputs.

关 键 词：学习投入 绝对坦诚 高功能焦虑 赢家诅咒 教育体制改革 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]