刚果(金)独立以来的政治发展进程及特点  

Political Development Characteristics of DR Congo since Its Independence

作　　者：孙红[1] Sun Hong(Institute of African Studies,China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国现代国际关系研究院非洲研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国非洲学刊》2022年第2期91-110,146-147,共22页JOURNAL OF CHINA-AFRICA STUDIES

摘　　要：自1960年脱离比利时殖民统治以来,刚果(金)先后经历了独立之初的“刚果危机”、蒙博托30多年的独裁统治、世纪之交的两次刚果战争和卡比拉时期的“第三任期”危机,政治发展之路非常坎坷。西方大国及地区国家觊觎刚果(金)极具战略性的地缘位置和丰富的稀有矿产资源,通过扶持代理人、发动战争等手段干预刚果(金)政治进程。在实行多党民主化后,刚果(金)放开党禁,却导致政治权力碎片化,对总统执政形成掣肘。天主教会凭借对广大教众的影响力,成为刚果(金)政治生活中不容忽视的角色。2019年初齐塞克迪就任总统以来,成功组建占议会多数的“神圣同盟”,结束了与前总统约瑟夫·卡比拉的“共治”局面,但依然面临各种挑战。随着2023年大选临近,各派政治博弈再度升温,刚果(金)来之不易的政治稳定将面临新的考验。Since its independence from Belgium,the Democratic Republic of Congo(DR Congo)has witnessed a turbulent political development path:The Congo Crisis in the 1960s,Mobutu’s dictatorial rule for more than 30 years,the two Congo wars at the crossroad of the 20th and 21th centuries and the“Third-Term Crisis”under the administration of Josef Kabila.Due to DR Congo’s geostrategic position and rich resources of rare minerals,western and regional powers interfered in DR Congo’s political development by supporting selected agents or invading the country.After the establishment of a multi-party democracy,the party politics prospered but resulted in a highly fragmented political landscape,impeding the president from exercising his power.The Catholic Church enjoys high popularity among the public and wielded considerable political influence in DR Congo.Since taking office,President Tshisekedi has successfully established the Sacred Union,holding the majority in the National Assembly and ended his reluctant share of power with the former president Joseph Kabila.Nonetheless,the President still faces various challenges.With the upcoming presidential election in 2023,the political temperature will soar again,which will be a huge test for DR Congo’s hard-won stability.

关 键 词：刚果(金) 政党政治 天主教会 齐塞克迪 

分 类 号：D746.3[政治法律—政治学]