公司组织机构职权规范的制度安排与立法设计  

Institutional Arrangements and Legislative Design of Corporate Organizational Authority Norms

作　　者：赵旭东[1] Zhao Xudong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2022年第4期87-96,共10页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：《公司法(修订草案)》(以下简称《草案》)对公司组织机构职权新的设计展现了弱化法律强制、尊重公司自治的强烈意识和立法取向,但在具体制度安排上,需要深入考虑、慎重决策和科学设计。组织机构规范属强制性规范还是任意性规范,公司法未予明确规定,《草案》也未予回应,公司立法对此不应再漠视闪避和忽略模糊,应对此给予直接回应并作出明确区分。公司法对董事会职权的列举性规定具有示范性法律功能,是公司立法为公司投资者和公司治理提供的标准化法律产品,具有公共产品的属性。此种立法方式符合我国公司投资者的行为方式和现实需求,是行之有效的中国立法模式和中国特色,对其存留取舍需要慎重权衡,不应轻易改变和放弃。经理职权的任意性不等于法定职权规定的不必要和无意义,公司章程对经理职权的设定同样需要公司法提供反映普遍规律和科学管理要求的范本和参照。《草案》对经理授予职权的规定不仅是公司内部的职权分配,更直接牵涉公司对外进行民商事行为的代表行为与法律效力。依该规定,相对人为确认经理的对外代表权,须承担公司章程和董事会授权文件的审查义务,由此对相对人设置了原本没有的章程或文件审查义务。此与公司治理成本与效率优化选择的目标有所背离。The Draft Revision of Company Law of the PRC(hereinafter referred to as the“Draft”)shows a strong awareness and legislative orientation to weaken the mandatory nature of the norms,respect corporate autonomy,but in terms of specific institutional arrangements,in-depth consideration,careful decision-making and scientific design are required.Whether the organizational norms are mandatory or arbitrary is not clearly stipulated under the Company Law nor responded to in the Draft.The legislator should not ignore this,but give a direct response and make a clear distinction.The enumerated provisions of the Company Law on powers and functions of the board of directors have exemplary legal functions and are standardized legal products provided by the legislator for the investors,which have the attributes of public products.This legislative approach is in line with China’s realistic needs and is a proven Chinese legislative model featuring Chinese characteristics,which needs to be carefully weighed and should not be easily changed or abandoned.The arbitrary nature of the provisions of managers’authority doesn’t mean provisions about statutory authorities of manager are unnecessary and meaningless,because they,refl ecting the universal rules and scientifi c management requirements under the Company Law,can serve as a model and reference for the articles of incorporation.The provision of managers’authority under the draft amendment is not only the internal distribution of the company’s powers,but also directly related to the company’s external civil and commercial acts and their legal effects.According to that provision,the counter-party,in order to confi rm the managers’external representation,must assume the obligation to review the articles of incorporation and the authorization documents of the board of directors,which is contrary to the goal of decreasing the cost and enhancing the effi ciency of corporate governance.

关 键 词：公司组织机构职权规范 任意性规范 董事会职权 经理职权 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]