立法上如何安排行政没收?  

How to Stipulate Administration Confi scate in Law?

作　　者：熊樟林[1] Xiong Zhanglin

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2022年第4期29-43,共15页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“《行政处罚法》归责性条款修改研究”(19CFX023)阶段性成果

摘　　要：立法上如何安排行政没收,一直是行政处罚法上的难题,尤其是“没收违法所得和没收非法财物”,人们一直以“制裁性”为靶子,反复质疑现有的立法安排。从根本上来看,行政没收兼具行政处罚和保安处分的双重属性,二者的区分不在于是否具有制裁性,所有行政没收都具有制裁性。但是,并非所有行政没收都是行政处罚,因为“制裁性”并不是行政处罚的唯一要素。因此,将行政没收从《行政处罚法》中全部予以剔除,并不妥当。但是,反过来将所有行政没收都收入《行政处罚法》的处罚种类条款中,同样也不妥当。较好的立法策略是将行政没收写入《行政处罚法》,但不在处罚种类条款中予以列明,而是另设专章。这可以很好地兼顾行政没收的行政处罚和保安处分的双重属性,也是德国《违反秩序法》第五章的立法逻辑,应作为我国《行政处罚法》未来的修改方向。How to stipulate administration confi scate has always been a diffi cult problem in the Law on Administrative Penalty,especially the topic of“confi scating illegal gains and property”,people have been repeatedly questioning the existing clauses with“punishment”as the target.Fundamentally,administration confiscate has the dual properties of administrative penalty and security measure.The difference between these two attributes does not lie in the punishment,because all kinds of administration confi scate are punitive.However,not all sorts of administration confi scate belong to administrative penalty of which the“punishment”is not the only element.Therefore,it is not appropriate to exclude all kinds of administration confiscate from or conversely,include them all in the Administrative Penalty Law.At present,it would be better to add administration confi scate into the Administrative Penalty Law,but not listed in the penalty types,but as a special chapter.As the legislative logic of the fi fth chapter of Ordnungswidrigkeitengesetz,this approach can well consider the dual properties of administrative penalty and security measure,so it should be the direction of the amendment of the Administrative Penalty Law.

关 键 词：行政没收 行政处罚 保安处分 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]