论系统性金融风险的监管失灵与税法规制  

On the Supervision Failure of Systemic Financial Risks and Tax Law Regulations

作　　者：许多奇 Xu Duoqi(Fudan University Law School,Shanghai 200438)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《政法论丛》2023年第6期14-28,共15页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“数字人民币流通法律治理机制研究”(22BFX085)的阶段性研究成果;国家自然科学基金重大项目子课题“数字经济反垄断科学监管创新研究”(#72192845)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：金融法规制的种种失灵现象表明,守住系统性金融风险的底线不能只限于金融监管部门的单方面职能,尚需金融税制发挥金融规制的作用加以补充。庇古税理论的产生和发展体现了系统性金融风险征税的合理性和正当性。虽然实施金融风险矫正税依然存在诸多现实困境,但次贷危机之后,各国已经开始探索金融交易税、金融行为税和金融杠杆税三种规制系统性金融风险的税法实施路径。站在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的更高历史起点上,我国金融体系改革和税收政策应同步演进,形成以金融监管为主、税收规制为辅的协同模式。向金融机构的交易或行为征税则不啻为一种既能减少风险性操作、又能提升税收收入的柔性有效的经济治理方式;其中,矫正性的金融交易税有助于缓解债务危机,仍是最受欢迎的金融税种;向系统性金融风险征税适宜将触发纳税义务的关口与时点向前移动,并将银行税等金融杠杆税作为储备税种并做好开征前的基础性工作。Various failures in financial regulation demonstrate that safeguarding against systemic financial risks cannot solely rely on the unilateral functions of financial regulatory authorities.It also needs to be supplemented by considering the role of financial regulation in the taxation of the financial system.The emergence and development of Pigouvian tax theory reflects the rationality and legitimacy of taxing systemic financial risks.Although there are still many practical difficulties in implementing financial risk correction taxes,countries have started exploring three approaches for implementing tax laws to regulate systemic financial risks:financial transaction taxes,financial behavioral taxes,and financial leverage taxes.This exploration comes in the aftermath of the subprime mortgage crisis.Standing at a higher historical starting point in the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country,China’s financial system reform and tax policy should evolve simultaneously to form a collaborative model with financial supervision as the main focus and tax regulation as a complementary measure.Taxing the transactions or behaviors of financial institutions is a flexible and effective method of economic governance that can reduce risky operations and increase tax revenue.Among these methods,the most popular financial tax is the corrective financial transaction tax,which can help alleviate the debt crisis.Additionally,taxing systemic financial risks will appropriately adjust the threshold and time for triggering tax obligations.Using bank tax and other financial leverage taxes as reserve taxes can also lay the groundwork before the tax is levied.

关 键 词：系统性金融风险 税法规制 金融交易税 金融杠杆税 

分 类 号：DF438[政治法律—经济法学]