农业取用地下水管理:精细化管理模式分析  

Governance of Groundwater Use in Agriculture:Refined Management Regime Type

作　　者：陈莹 张淑玲 耿华 王西琴 Chen Ying;Zhang Shuling;Geng Hua;Wang Xiqin

机构地区：[1]水利部水资源管理中心,北京100038 [2]中国人民大学,北京100872

出　　处：《政府管理评论》2022年第1期21-33,共13页Public Management Review

摘　　要：从全球范围看,地下水是最大的液态淡水储存地,也是供水的关键组成部分。地下水不同的时空分布使农村生活、农业灌溉、城市生产和生活以及维持地表生态等不同利用地下水的用户得以生存和发展。在过去的几十年中,世界范围内可用的地下水量迅速减少,其赋存的普遍性和特殊性也给地下水管理带来了特殊的问题。地下水管理应根据地下水利用方式的不同区别对待。本文针对农业灌溉利用地下水特点,分析农业取用地下水管理的难点,针对地下水使用权、地下水取水量的控制、地下水过量使用的挑战等重点进行分析和讨论,以农业利用地下水管理控制的石羊河流域为实例,提出了改善地下水管理需要以下过程:①明确地下水使用权的管理权限的精细化制度;②解决对地下水数据和信息的长期需求和公开透明;③地下水管理总量控制和定额管理;④酌情整合地表、地下水和土地的治理;⑤增强地下水管理的机构能力。对以上五个问题的制度设计可以帮助实现地下水开发利用行为的转变,使地下水过度利用得以控制。Groundwater is the largest storage place for liquid fresh water and a key component of water supply from global perspective.The important role of groundwater in social and economie development has been widely recognized in the past 50 years,The universality and particularity of groundwater also brings special prob lems to groundwater management.The amount of groundwater availa ble worldwide has rapidly decreased in the past few decades.This depletion is mainly due to poor management(such as excessive pumping,pollution and inadequate control),as well as the reduction of natural replenishment due to climate change and urbanization.The different spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater enables the survival and developnent of users of groundwater in rural life,irigation,urban industry,domestic,and surface ecology.Groundwater management therefor should implement respectively due to different groundwater utilization.Since 50%-80%of groundwater is used for agricultural irrigation in northem China,and over-exploited groundwater is observed which resulted in serious ecological isues in many arid areas.Elfective management is urgenly needed to ensure the sustainable use of groundwater.This paper analysis the characteristics of agricultural use of groundwater and diffceulties in management,focusing on groundwater use rights,groundwater with-drawal control,groundwater overuse challenges.Taking Shiyanghe River Basin as an example,the paper analyzed how agricultural uti lization of groundwater is under controlled,the following processes are proposed to improve groundwater management.(1)A refined system that clarifies the management authority of groundwater use rights;(2)Resolves the long-term demand for groundwater data and information,openness and transparency;(3)Total control of groundwater management and quota management;(4)Integrates surface water,groundwater and land govemance;(5)Enbance the institutional capacity of groundwater management.The defined management system can help realize the transformation of ground

关 键 词：农业 地下水 精细化管理模式 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] P641.8[农业科学—农业工程]