里海之路与9~10世纪打耳班城市的兴衰  

The Road to the Caspian Sea and the Rise and Fall of the City of Darband from the 9th to the 10th Centuries

作　　者：张宇 Zhang Yu

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所

出　　处：《中东研究》2024年第1期188-213,382,共27页Middle East Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“丝绸之路城市史研究(多卷本)”(18ZDA213)系列成果

摘　　要：打耳班是古代晚期到中世纪前期里海—高加索地区的交通贸易枢纽。8世纪中叶的丝路交通变迁促使可萨汗国和阿拔斯王朝同时非常繁荣,里海之路成为草原丝路和沙漠绿洲丝路的连接支线,并促使打耳班开始从要塞向城市转型。罗斯商业网络的扩张与阿拉伯帝国对北欧大宗商品的需求是9~10世纪打耳班城市繁荣的重要动力,打耳班成为沟通中东地区与波罗的海地区的商业据点和交通贸易枢纽。打耳班贸易的繁荣推动了东高加索城市体系的转型,而来自欧亚腹地的商人移民群体也赋予打耳班多元主义的城市特征。里海之路的存废与打耳班城市的兴衰密切相关。路通城兴,路断城衰,地方因素与宏观环境的变化导致10世纪后期东高加索地区海陆交通的衰退,打耳班城市发展亦从鼎盛迈向衰落。Darband was a crucial transportation hub in the late ancient to early medieval period in the Caspian-Caucasus region.The shifting dynamics of Silk Road trade in the mid-8th century led to simultaneous prosperity in the Khazar Khaganate and the Abbasid Caliphate.The Caspian Route emerged as a connecting branch between the Steppe Silk Road and the Oasis Desert Road,prompting Darband to transition from a fortress to a city.The expansion of the Rus commercial network and the demand for Northern European commodities by the Arab Empire were significant drivers of Darband's prosperity in the 9th to 10th centuries.Darband became a crucial commercial outpost and a transit trade hub linking the Middle East to the Baltic region.The flourishing trade in Darband facilitated the transformation of the urban system in the Eastern Caucasus,and the influx of merchant immigrant communities from the Eurasian hinterland endowed Darband with a diverse urban character.The rise and decline of Darband as a city were closely tied to the existence of the Caspian Route.The prosperity of the city thrived when the route was open,and it declined when the route faced disruptions.Local factors and macro-environmental changes contributed to the decline of maritime and overland transportation in the Eastern Caucasus by the late 10th century,marking the shift of Darband from its pinnacle to a period of decline.

关 键 词：打耳班 里海之路 区域贸易 东高加索 

分 类 号：F119[经济管理—国际贸易] K131[经济管理—世界经济]