欧盟应急管理(民事保护)体系分析  

Analysis of European Union's Emergency Management(Civil Protection)Mechanism

作　　者：孙瑞 傅健菲 钮美华 韩自强 Sun Rui;Fu Jianfei;Niu Meihua;Han Ziqiang

机构地区：[1]山东大学政治学与公共管理学院

出　　处：《中国应急管理科学》2023年第5期73-87,共15页Journal of China Emergency Management Science

摘　　要：推动我国应急管理体系和能力现代化,既要发挥我国应急管理体系的特色和优势,又要借鉴国外应急管理的有益做法。欧洲国家地域面积小、联系紧密,灾害影响范围广,因此欧盟设置了专门的应急管理机制,即民事保护和人道主义援助机制(Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations),来统筹欧盟境内重大突发事件应对,以及欧盟内外覆盖全球的人道主义救援。本文首先从法律基础、组织体制和运行机制三方面系统性地展示了当前欧盟民事保护机制全貌。其次以2021年夏季欧洲洪灾为例,分析该机制在受灾严重的德国和比利时的不同应用,阐释了民事保护机制的作用及局限。最后,探讨欧盟民事保护机制在社会专业志愿者队伍建立和调用、应急物资储备和跨域危机应对、知识生产和技术支撑、国际人道主义响应、公共卫生应急等方面为中国应急管理体系和能力现代化建设提供的借鉴。Cross-country lessons learning are essential to promote the emergency management system in China.Transboundary crisis is common in EU because they are so closely connected in both geographically and socio-economically.The European Union has a special emergency management mechanism,namely Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations,to respond to major emergencies within EU,and the humanitarian response globally.This paper comprehensively presents the most updated emergency management/civil protection mechanism in EU from the legal,institutional and operational dimensions.Then we demonstrate the different applications of the EU's civil protection mechanism in Germany and Belgium,regarding the extreme weather and flood that occurred in the summer of 2021.Finally,lessons about the engagement of professional volunteers,the establishment of the emergency resources reserve,transboundary crisis coordination,knowledge management and sharing,international humanitarian response,and the role of civil protection agencies in public health emergency response for China are discussed.

关 键 词：欧盟 民事保护机制 跨域危机 极端天气 人道主义响应 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]