论基层自治组织行使行政应急权  

Discussion on the Exercise of Administrative Emergency Power by Grass-roots Autonomous Organizations

作　　者：林洋 Lin Yang

机构地区：[1]西华大学 [2]四川省应急管理学院

出　　处：《中国应急管理科学》2022年第3期43-58,共16页Journal of China Emergency Management Science

基　　金：2021年成都市社科规划项目一般项目“基层群众性自治组织协同行使行政应急权的规则研究”(项目编号:YY0820210006)最终成果

摘　　要：新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,广大农村效仿武汉“封城”采取“封村”“封路”措施,其合法性争议反映基层自治组织可否行使行政应急权的论证,有“否定说”和“肯定说”,对立观点源于基层自治组织的历史定位,区分点是应急管理中基层自治组织与政府关系。因政府主导型应急管理体制无法恰当应对突发事件,管理学主张基层社区主导型应急管理体制,但在我国并不可行。基层自治组织基于行政应急需要行使部分行政应急权:第一,基层自治组织应遵循行政应急权运行原则,应急原则解构权力主体扩张,“封村”等实践合法性需靠基层自治组织对突发事件自卫权阐释,未来立法需从多角度确立其合法性;第二,基层自治组织原则上配合行政机关行使应急处置权,发生突发事件紧急情况,基层自治组织应临时行使突发事件的确定权及必要处置权,也应及时履行上报行政机关义务;第三,基层自治组织行使行政应急权应遵循行政应急权运行一般程序规则。Since COVID-19,the vast majority of rural areas have followed the measures of"sealing villages"and"sealing roads"in Wuhan’s"sealed city".Their legitimacy disputes reflect whether the grass-roots self-governing organizations can exercise their administrative emergency rights.There are"negative"and"affirmative"arguments.The opposite view stems from the historical orientation of the grass-roots autonomous organizations,and the distinction is the relationship between the grass-roots autonomous organizations and the government in emergency management.Because the government led emergency management system can not properly respond to emergencies,management schoolars advocate the grass-roots community led emergency management system,but it is not feasible in China.Based on the need of administrative emergency,grass-roots autonomous organizations exercise some administrative emergency power:first,grass-roots autonomous organizations should follow the operation principle of administrative emergency power.The emergency principle deconstructs the expansion of power subjects,and the practical legitimacy of"closing villages"depends on the interpretation of grass-roots autonomous organizations’right to self-defense in emergencies,and its legitimacy should be established from multiple angles in future legislation;Second,in principle,grass-roots autonomous organizations shall cooperate with administrative organs to exercise emergency disposal power.In exceptional emergencies,grass-roots autonomous organizations shall temporarily exercise the determination power and necessary disposal power of emergencies,and shall also fulfill the obligation to report to administrative organs in time;Third,when exercising administrative emergency power,grass-roots autonomous organizations should follow the general procedural rules for the operation of administrative emergency power.

关 键 词：基层自治组织 行政应急权 权力行使原则 内容及程序 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]