隧道工程结构模型试验系统研究综述与展望  

Review and prospect of model test system for tunnel engineering structure

作　　者：刘博[1] 徐飞 赵维刚[2] 高阳[2] LIU Bo;XU Fei;ZHAO Wei-gang;GAO Yang(School of Civil Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Key Laboratory of Large Structure Health Monitoring and Control,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050043,China;State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044 [2]石家庄铁道大学河北省大型结构健康诊断与控制实验室,河北石家庄050043 [3]中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《岩土力学》2022年第S01期452-468,共17页Rock and Soil Mechanics

摘　　要：近几年隧道工程向长大深、多场多相耦合方向发展,隧道在施工和运营时极易诱发结构失稳病害。针对山岭隧道、水下隧道和城市地铁隧道阐述隧道工程结构模型试验系统设计的研究现状,并指出目前存在的相关问题。结果表明:山岭隧道模型试验考虑了隧道穿越不良地质体,承受高地应力、高岩溶水压力和高地震动等荷载条件,但受装置尺寸限制,无法模拟围岩高地应力水平。山岭隧道模型试验以平面应变模型为主,缺乏大型真三维应力条件下多种错动形式的活化错动断层的模拟。水下隧道模型试验已实现稳定的高水压力加载,但仍无法实现应力场与渗流场耦合的真三维水下环境模拟且试验箱可视性较差,仅能通过洞口涌水量表征隧道的渗透水状态,无法得到围岩内部变形规律。城市地铁隧道运营时一般受列车动荷载、路面荷载、邻近施工扰动的共同影响,目前模型试验通常考虑单一荷载下隧道的振动响应,且往往忽视了管片接缝和裂隙等结构特征,需要设计新颖、高效的局部加载装置,得到管片薄弱环节的极限变形特征,保障地铁运营安全。最后,总结隧道工程模型试验遇到的瓶颈问题,提出需要研制透明相似材料改善模型内部可视化功能,针对高地应力条件下不良地质条件研制尺寸可拓展的三维静动耦合加载模型试验系统,并结合微型低功耗无线监测传感元件与三维可视化结果展示平台,建立适用于复杂环境中的隧道工程结构模型试验系统。In recent years,tunnel engineering is developing towards super-long and deep,multi-field and multi-phase coupling,thus,which easily induce the structural instability during tunnel construction and operation.Aiming at the mountain tunnel,underwater tunnel and urban tunnel,this paper expounds the research status of structural model test system,and points out the existing issues.The results show that:mountain tunnel model test takes into account passing through the adverse geological rock,and the loading conditions such as high ground stress,high karst hydraulic pressure and high seismic intensity.However,it’s hard to simulate the high stress of surrounding rock due to the size limitation of the apparatus.The model test of mountain tunnel is mainly based on plane strain model,which lacks the simulation of active fault with various dislocation forms under large-scale true three-dimensional stress condition.The model test of underwater tunnel has achieved stable high water pressure loading,but it is still unable to simulate the true three-dimensional underwater environment of the coupled stress field and seepage field.Additionally,the visibility of the chamber is poor,the seepage of the tunnel is only be characterized by the water inflow at the entrance,which makes it difficult to obtain the deformation law of the surrounding rock.Urban tunnel is affected by train dynamic load,pavement load and adjacent construction disturbance.At present,the model test usually considers the vibration response of the tunnel under a single load,and often ignores the structural characteristics such as segment joints and cracks.Thus,it is necessary to design novel and efficient local loading device to analyze the ultimate deformation characteristics of weak parts of segment to ensure the safety of subway operation.Finally,the bottleneck issues of tunnel engineering model test are summarized,and the internal visualization of the apparatus needs to be improved based on transparent similar materials.Aiming at the adverse geological condit

关 键 词：山岭隧道 水下隧道 城市地铁隧道 模型试验系统 

分 类 号：U451.5[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]