某空调制造企业噪声作业工人高频听力损失影响因素分析  

Analysis of factors influencing high frequency hearing loss among noise-exposed workers in an air conditioner manufacturing industry

作　　者：丘丛玺[1] 陈琳[1] 周浩[1] 张晋蔚[1] 林秋月[1] 肖吕武[1] 李燕茹[1] 黄沛明 冯倩丽 刘移民[1] 王致[1,2] QIU Cong-xi;CHEN Lin;ZHOU Hao;ZHANG Jin-wei;LIN Qiu-yue;XIAO Lü-wu;LI Yan-ru;HUANG Pei-ming;FENG Qian-li;LIU Yi-min;WANG Zhi(Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510620,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院,广东广州510620 [2]广州第十二人民医院职业环境与健康重点实验室,广东广州510620 [3]广东药科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2022年第6期652-656,共5页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2020340,C2020093,B2023347);广州市卫生健康科技项目(20211A010041,20221A011060);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(2021—2023年);广州市科学技术局重点研发计划项目(202206010061);广州市“121人才梯队工程”后备人才项目(穗人社发[2011]167号)

摘　　要：目的探讨采用广义估计方程(GEE)分析空调制造企业噪声作业工人的高频听力损失(HFHL)影响因素的可行性。方法采用判断抽样方法,选择某空调制造企业2015—2019年进行2次及以上纯音听阈测试的噪声作业工人为研究对象,收集年龄、噪声作业工龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、体质量指数(BMI)和HFHL等资料,采用GEE分析其HFHL的影响因素。结果研究对象2015—2019年各年度HFHL检出率分别为22.2%、23.8%、24.2%、24.1%和20.9%;其中,2019年HFHL检出率分别低于2017和2018年(P值均<0.001)。GEE分析结果显示,不考虑交互效应,在调整噪声作业工龄、吸烟和BMI等混杂因素后,研究对象2015、2016、2017和2018年发生HFHL的风险均高于2019年(P值均<0.01),比值比及其95%置信区间[OR(95%CI)]分别为1.19(1.07~1.33)、1.26(1.13~1.39)、1.30(1.18~1.43)和1.27(1.15~1.39);男性发生HFHL的风险高于女性(P<0.01),OR(95%CI)为3.78(3.00~4.77);年龄越高者发生HFHL的风险越高(P<0.01),OR(95%CI)为1.07(1.05~1.09)。结论该空调制造企业噪声作业工人HFHL的影响因素主要为年龄和性别。GEE可用于对噪声作业工人HFHL的纵向数据进行影响因素分析。Objective To explore the feasibility of using generalized estimating equation(GEE)to analyze the influencing factors of high-frequency hearing loss(HFHL)among noise exposed workers in an air conditioner manufacturing enterprise.Methods The noise-exposed workers in an air conditioner manufacturing industry who had been tested for pure tone hearing threshold twice or more from 2015 to 2019 were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method.Data such as age,length of service,gender,smoking,alcohol consumption,body mass index(BMI)and HFHL were collected.The influencing factors of HFHL were analyzed using the GEE.Results The detection rates of HFHL from 2015 to 2019 were 22.2%,23.8%,24.2%,24.1%and 20.9%,respectively.Among them,the detection rate of HFHL in 2019 was lower than that in 2017 and 2018(all P<0.001).The GEE analysis results showed that the risks of HFHL in 2015,2016,2017 and 2018 were higher than that in 2019(all P<0.01),regardless of interaction effects and after adjusting for confounding factors such as duration of noise exposure,smoking and BMI.The odds ratios and 95%confidence intervals[OR(95%CI)]were 1.19(1.07-1.33),1.26(1.13-1.39),1.30(1.18-1.43)and 1.27(1.15-1.39),respectively.The risk of HFHL was higher in males than in females(P<0.01),and OR(95%CI)was 3.78(3.00-4.77).The older the age,the higher the risk of HFHL(P<0.01),and OR(95%CI)was 1.07(1.05-1.09).Conclusion The influencing factors of HFHL among noise-exposed workers in the air conditioner industry are age and gender.GEE can be used to analyze the factors influencing the longitudinal data of HFHL in workers with noise exposure.

关 键 词：空调 制造业 噪声 听力损失 广义估计方程 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]