论催收非法债务罪的保护法益与理解适用  

On the Protection of Legal Interests and the Difficulties in Application of the Crime of Collecting Illegal Debts

作　　者：赵天琦 ZHAO Tian-qi(Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences,Chengdu 610071,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院,成都610071

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2022年第4期18-29,共12页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：四川省教育厅人文社科重点研究基地基层司法能力研究中心项目“高利贷及其衍生行为的刑事规制研究”(JCSF2021-12)

摘　　要：《刑法修正案(十一)》增设催收非法债务罪,旨在防止不具正当权源的行为人采取暴力或软暴力手段对经济、社会生活秩序造成冲击与破坏。本罪的保护法益与其短缩的二行为犯构造在立法技术上具有匡正构成要件要素解释路径的意义。本罪系典型的轻罪,将保护法益确立为秩序法益能够在体系上与侵财类罪名保持罪刑的协调。本罪限定“非法债务”的规范意图在于确定债的发生原因适法与否,应当区分“非法之债”“法律不予保护的债务”“自然之债”在民法前置法上的法律属性,合理限定刑法规制范围。本罪的催收对象包括债务人及其他第三人,成立本罪的暴力、胁迫程度至少应达到“心理强制标准”。在竞合关系上,本罪的设立调和了非法拘禁罪与绑架罪之间原有的紧张关系。The Criminal Law Amendment(11)adds the crime of collecting illegal debts,which aims to prevent the perpetrator who does not have the right to claim legitimate creditor’s rights from using violence or soft violence to damage the legal interests of economic and social life order.The protection of legal interests of this crime and its structure of the incompletely two-conduct crime has the significance of correcting the interpretation path of the constituent elements.This crime is a typical misdemeanor,which establishes the protection of legal interests as order legal interests,which can achieve the coordination of crime and punishment with the crime of infringing on property in the system.The normative intention of defining“illegal debt”is to determine whether the cause of debt is legal or not.Distinguishing the legal attributes of“illegal debt”,“debt not protected by law”and“natural debt”in the pre-law of civil law aims to limit the scope of criminal law regulation.Collecting“natural debt”should not constitute this crime.The collection objects of this crime include the debtor and other third parties.The degree of violence to establish this crime should at least reach the“psychological compulsion standard”.In terms of competition and cooperation,the establishment of this crime reconciles the original tension between the crime of illegal detention and the crime of kidnapping.

关 键 词：催收非法债务罪 短缩的二行为犯 非法债务 心理强制 竞合关系 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]