也谈禁止词“别”的来源  

Revisiting the Etymology of the Negative Imperative Adverb Bie 别

作　　者：张世方[1] ZHANG Shifang

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学,北京

出　　处：《中国方言学报》2023年第1期9-25,共17页

摘　　要：关于禁止词“别”的来历,前贤多有深见卓识,但至今尚无定论。通过文献梳理和比较,我们发现《金瓶梅》中“别要”的使用限于一个具有上层社会属性的言语社团,其他一些作品中“别要”的使用又与古都金陵多有瓜葛。本文据此推断,“别要”可能来自明初政治地位较高的南京一带方言。结合现代南京方言和北部吴语“不”的一些特殊读音形式,我们认为北方话的“别”可能来自江南地区“不”的存古性读音,“别”是北方话对南方读音的“不”的同音替代字,“别”的禁止义是“别要”删略生义的结果。There have been systematic researches on the etymology of the negative imperative adverb bie别,but so far,no conclusion has been researched yet.Based on literature review and comparison,this paper finds out that the use of bieyao别要in Jinpingmei金瓶梅is limited in an upper-class speech group while those in other works are related more or less to Nanjing,the capital of the early Ming Dynasty.It then deduces that bieyao别要may come from the dialects around Nanjing,which had a high political status in Ming Dynasty.Considering some special pronunciations of the negative adverb bu不in the contemporary Nanjing dialect and northen Wu dialects,bie别in Mandarins may originate from the early pronunciation forms of bu不in dialects distributed around the:south of the Yangze River.The character bie别is a homophone subtitution of bu不with a pronunciation in dialects in southen China and it got the negative imperative semantics by reanalyzing and llipsis of the construction bieyao别要.

关 键 词：禁止词“别” “别要” 删略生义 言语社团 方言接触 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]