微生物菌剂对鸡粪堆肥过程中氨气排放和微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Microbial Agents on Ammonia Emission and Microbial Community during Chicken Manure Composting

作　　者：于静 谷洁[1] 王小娟[1] 郭红宏 王佳 张凯煜[1] 代晓霞 赵文雅 YU Jing;GU Jie;WANG Xiaojuan;GUO Honghong;WANG Jia;ZHANG Kaiyu;DAI Xiaoxia;ZHAO Wenya(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2019年第11期1861-1870,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省科技计划重点项目(2017ZDCXL-SF-03-03);国家自然科学基金(41671474,41601531).

摘　　要：进行鸡粪和秸秆好氧堆肥,设置不接种菌剂CK、接种Tx菌剂和Tc菌剂共3个处理,研究鸡粪堆肥过程中理化参数、NH3排放量和微生物群落的变化。结果表明,Tx和Tc处理加速了堆体升温且延长了高温期。与CK相比,Tx和Tc处理NH3累积排放量分别降低28.9%和34.1%,全氮质量分数分别增加24.9%和23.7%。Tc菌剂对促进堆肥腐熟,除臭保氮有良好效果。高通量测序结果表明,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)是堆肥过程中主要的门类水平类群,接种微生物菌剂改变了微生物群落结构。RDA结果表明,温度和pH是造成鸡粪堆肥过程中微生物群落结构差异的主要原因。This study carried out aerobic composting of chicken manure and straw,three treatments were set up:non-inoculation agent CK,inoculation of Tx microbial agents and Tc microbial agents,to study the physical and chemical parameters,NH3 emission and microbial community changes during chicken manure composting.The results showed that Tx and Tc treatments accelerate the heating process of composting and prolong the high temperature period.Compared with CK,the cumulative emissions of NH3 by Tx and Tc decreased by 28.9%and 34.1%,respectively.And the total nitrogen mass fraction increased by 24.9%and 23.7%,respectively.Tc microbial agents have a good effect on promoting compost maturity and deodorization and nitrogen retention.High-throughput sequencing results showed that Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the predominant phyla in the composting process,and inoculation of microbial agents alters microbial community structure.RDA results showed that temperature and pH are the main reasons for the difference in bacterial community structure during chicken manure composting.

关 键 词：微生物菌剂 堆肥 氨气 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]