直播稀植高产杂交棉农艺及冠层结构特征研究  

Study on Characteristics of Agronomic and Canopy Structure of High Yield Hybrid Cotton With Direct Sowing and Sparse Planting

作　　者：郝先哲 冯杨 夏军 时晓娟 田雨 李军宏 罗宏海[1] HAO Xianzhe;FENG Yang;XIA Jun;SHI Xiaojuan;TIAN Yu;LI Junhong;LUO Honghai(Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/Agricultural College of Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China;Agricultural Institute,the Seventh Agriculture Division of Xinjiang Construction Corps,Kuitun Xinjiang 833200,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆兵团第七师农科所,新疆奎屯833200

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2019年第11期1801-1811,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760369,31560342);国家棉花产业技术体系额尔齐斯综合试验站(CARS-15-47).

摘　　要：为充分挖掘杂交棉增产潜力,采用大田创建高产试验示范田的方法,以杂交棉稀植为研究对象,以常规棉密植棉为对照,分析棉花产量形成过程中农艺性状、冠层结构指标的变化。结果表明:与常规棉密植相比,杂交棉稀植条件下皮棉产量、单株结铃数和单铃质量分别增加了7.9%~24.1%、34.8%~40.2%和14.3%~19.2%,果枝台数和倒四叶宽分别增加了18.9%、9.6%;且叶面积指数(LAI)和叶倾角(MTA)增幅分别为53.3%、23.9%~26.4%,冠层开度(DIFN)则降低了45.5%~81.1%。杂交棉稀植条件下,与皮棉产量2500 kg·hm-2棉田相比,3000 kg·hm-2棉田的单位面积株数、株高、果枝始节高度以及LAI、MTA分别增加了5.1%~15.1%、1~2 cm、2.2%、11.6%、4.8%,DIFN降低了56.7%。籽棉产量与LAI和果枝台数呈显著正相关,株高与总铃数呈显著正相关、MTA与单株结铃数和单铃质量呈显著正相关,DIFN与单位面积株数显著正相关。综上,适度稀植条件下杂交棉充分发挥了杂种优势,棉株个体生长旺盛从而弥补群体的不足,单株铃数和单铃质量的同步提高是其获得高产的主要原因;杂交棉稀植实现皮棉产量3000kg·hm-2的总铃数大于120×104 hm-2、单铃质量大于5.31 g;果枝台数维持在10台,倒四叶宽大于18 cm;在盛铃后期叶面积指数达到峰值为4.3~4.9、MTA为52.7~53.1°、DIFN为0.011~0.015。In order to fully exploit the yield potential of the hybrid cotton,the method of high-yield experimental demonstration field was used,sparse planting and hybridization was taken as the research object,with conventionally close-planting cotton as CK,the changes of agronomic traits and canopy structure were analyzed during the formation of cotton yield.The results showed that compared with the conventional close-planting cotton,under the condition of sparse planting of hybrid cotton,the lint yield,bolls per plant and single boll mass increased by 7.9%-24.1%,34.8%-40.2%and 14.3%-19.2%,respectively.Fruit-bearing branch number and inverse fourth leaf width increased by 18.9%and 9.6%,respectively.Cotton leaf area index(LAI)and mean tilt angle increased by 53.3%and 23.9%-26.4%,respectively,while the DIFN decreased by 45.5%-81.1%.Under the condition of sparse planting of hybrid cotton,compared with the cotton field with the lint yield of 2500 kg·hm-2,the number of plants per unit area,plant height,the height of the first node of fruit branch,LAI and MTA of the 3000 kg·hm-2cotton field increased by 5.1%-15.1%,1-2 cm,2.2%,11.6%and 4.8%,respectively.The DIFN decreased by 56.7%.The correlation analysis showed that the seed cotton yield was positively correlated with LAI and fruit-bearing branch number.Plant height was positively correlated with total number of bolls,MTA was positively correlated with number of single-plant bolls and single boll weight.DIFN was positively correlated with number of plants per unit area.In summary,the hybrid cotton had fully exerted its heterosis under the moderately sparse planting.The individual vigorous growth of plants made up the shortage of group;the simultaneous increase of boll number per plant and boll weight was the main reason for high yield;the sparse planting of hybrid cotton showed that the total number of bolls of cotton field with the lint yield of 3000 kg·hm-2was larger than 1.2×104 hm-2 and the single boll weight was larger than 5.31 g.The number of fruit branches was main

关 键 词：杂交棉 高产 种植密度 农艺性状 冠层结构 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]