论个人信息大规模微额损害的私法救济路径完善  

On the Improvement of Private Law Relief Path for Large-scale Micro Damage to Personal Information

作　　者：郭明龙[1] 杨孝康 Guo Minglong;Yang Xiaokang(School of Law,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学法学院,天津300387

出　　处：《天津法学》2023年第4期86-98,共13页Tianjin Legal Science

基　　金：天津市科研创新服务产业专项项目“数据要素利用与保护立法模式研究”(2022SKYZ276)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：大数据时代,数据成为生产要素被赋予了巨大的经济价值。数据与个人信息存在差异,未经匿名化的个人信息被作为数据进行大规模处理,侵权主体收益巨大,但落实到单条个人信息则侵害轻微,二者存在矛盾。面临个人信息大规模微额损害,公法救济与公益诉讼救济路径不能回应受害人利益的个性化需求。《个人信息保护法》第69条虽然设定了私法救济,但面临损害与举证责任、证明标准的认定困难。对于私法救济所面临的困境,采用财产损害赔偿和精神损害赔偿算定“二择一”的方式来确定赔偿额,并以精神损害赔偿保底。关于举证责任和归责原则,在诉讼中可以采三元论的归责原则并引入违法推定过失规则;在证明标准上加强法官主动依职权调查证据权力,并采因果关系证明倒置的证明责任来减轻因证据偏在困境导致的原告举证难问题。In the era of big data,data has been given great economic value as a factor of production.There are differences between data and personal information.Personal information that has not been anonymized is processed as data on a large scale,resulting in huge benefits for the infringing subject,but when it is implemented into a single piece of personal information,the infringement is minor.There are contradictions between the two.In the face of large-scale micro-damage to personal information,public law relief and public interest litigation relief paths can not respond to the individual needs of victims’interests.Although Article 69 of the Personal Information Protection Act sets up remedies in private law,it faces difficulties in determining damages,burden of proof and standard of proof.For the dilemma faced by private law relief,the“alternative”method of property compensation and mental damage compensation is adopted to determine the amount of compensation,and the mental damage compensation is guaranteed.On the principle of burden of proof and imputation,we can adopt the imputation principle of tripartite theory and introduce the rule of illegal presumption of fault in litigation.In the standard of proof,the judge should strengthen the power of investigating evidence according to the authority,and adopt the burden of proof of inverted causal relationship to reduce the difficulty of proving evidence caused by the dilemma of evidence.

关 键 词：个人信息 数据保护 大规模侵害 微额损害 

分 类 号：D913.7[政治法律—民商法学]