西昆仑山前南缘构造带超压与油气成藏关系  

Relationship between overpressure and hydrocarbon accumulation in the southern piedmont of West Kunlun Mountains

作　　者：马海龙[1] 刘一锋 邱楠生[2,3] 陈雪刚[1] 王祥[4] 陈才[4] MA Hailong;LIU Yifeng;QIU Nansheng;CHEN Xuegang;WANG Xiang;CHEN Cai(Ocean College,Zhejiang University,Zhoushan 316021,China;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学海洋学院,浙江舟山316021 [2]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [3]中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京102249 [4]中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《天然气地球科学》2022年第12期2049-2061,共13页Natural Gas Geoscience

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目“海相深层油气富集机理与关键工程技术基础研究”(编号:U19B6003);中国石油塔里木油田公司科技项目“塔里木盆地主要地质时期温压系统恢复及地层水研究”(编号:041020050021)联合资助

摘　　要：西昆仑山前构造复杂,不同构造单元的流体场特征及其与油气成藏的关系尚未揭示。梳理构造、超压与油气三者之间的关系,为前陆盆地超压和油气成藏研究提供样例,并为西昆仑山前的油气勘探与开发部署提供依据。根据实测地层压力和钻井液数据,明确了西昆仑山前南缘地区异常高压的分布特征;通过测井曲线组合和加载—卸载曲线法结合地质情况分析,明确了超压的主要形成机制;基于构造演化史和油气成藏过程,探讨了超压与油气成藏之间的关系。结果表明山前深部地层存在强超压,在柯克亚构造带浅层存在弱超压。构造挤压作用是研究区超压的最主要成因,其次为沿断裂的垂向超压传递作用。油气充注导致的超压传递是浅层是否发育超压的决定性因素,浅层油气藏常常伴随着弱超压发育。构造挤压为油气运移提供了动力和运移通道,引起的抬升剥蚀和断层活动控制着区域盖层的保存条件,在凹陷内部由于埋深迅速加大促进了烃源岩快速成熟。The piedmont structure of West Kunlun Mountains is complex,and the fluid field characteristics of different tectonic units and their relationship with oil and gas accumulation have not been revealed.By sorting out the relationship among structure,overpressure and oil and gas,this paper provides examples for the study of overpressure and oil and gas accumulation in foreland basin,and provides basis for oil and gas exploration and development deployment in front of West Kunlun Mountains.According to the measured formation pressure and drilling fluid data,the distribution characteristics of abnormal high pressure in the southern margin of West Kunlun Mountains are clarified.The main formation mechanism of overpressure is confirmed by the combination of logging curve and loading-unloading curve method combined with geological analysis.Based on the structural evolution history and hydrocarbon accumulation process,the relationship between overpressure and hydrocarbon accumulation is discussed.The results show that there is strong overpressure in the deep strata of the piedmont.There is weak overpressure in the shallow strata of the Kekeya structural belt.Tectonic compression is the main cause of overpressure formation in the study area,followed by vertical overpressure transmission along the fault.The overpressure transmission caused by oil and gas charging is the decisive factor for the development of overpressure in shallow reservoirs,which is often accompanied by the development of weak overpressure.Tectonic compression provides power and migration channels for oil and gas migration,and the resulting uplift,denudation and fault activities control the preservation conditions of regional caprocks.In the interior of the sag,the rapid increase in burial depth promotes the rapid maturation of source rocks.

关 键 词：构造挤压 超压传递 异常高压 塔西南 前陆盆地 

分 类 号：TE121.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]