巴基斯坦仲裁法律制度述评  

A Review of the Arbitration Legal System in Pakistan

作　　者：杨陶 张炯 

机构地区：[1]喀什大学法政学院

出　　处：《商事仲裁与调解》2022年第3期33-46,共14页Commercial Arbitration & Mediation

基　　金：2021年新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目“新疆企业参与‘中巴经济走廊建设’的法律对策研究”(项目编号:XJEDU2021SY039);喀什大学中巴经济走廊高质量发展研究课题“中巴国际民商事争议解决制度比较研究”(课题编号:202101B)的研究成果

摘　　要：巴基斯坦仲裁法律体系较为复杂,包含《仲裁法》《仲裁(议定书和公约)法》《承认和执行仲裁协议和外国仲裁裁决法》以及《替代性纠纷解决法》等法律。这些法律详细地规定了仲裁协议的定义和有效性、仲裁条款的独立性、仲裁的法律适用、仲裁程序的启动、仲裁员的选任、法院在仲裁中的权力、国内仲裁裁决和外国仲裁裁决的区分以及仲裁裁决的承认与执行等内容。但巴基斯坦仲裁法律并未完全吸纳现代仲裁法的相关制度,如没有接受仲裁庭的管辖权自裁原则,没有规定仲裁临时措施规则,没有较好地限制法院在仲裁中的权力等,因而被称为“仲裁不友好国家”。此外,巴基斯坦仲裁相关法律间的适用关系复杂、不确定。基于此,建议中方当事人在巴基斯坦参与仲裁时,充分利用巴基斯坦承认和执行仲裁裁决规则,密切关注巴基斯坦公共秩序规则,以规避法律风险。The Pakistani arbitration legal system is complex and contains laws such as the Arbitration(Protocol and Convention)Act 1937,the Arbitration Act 1940,the Recognition and Enforcement(Arbitration Agreements and Foreign Arbitral Awards)Act 2011 and the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2017.These laws specify in detail the definition and validity of the arbitration agreement,the independence of the arbitration clause,the application of law of arbitration,the initiation of arbitration proceedings,the selection of arbitrators,the power of the court in arbitration,the distinction between domestic and foreign arbitral awards,and the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards.However,Pakistan’s arbitration law does not fully incorporate the relevant systems of modern arbitration law.For example,it does not accept the competence-competence principle,does not stipulate the rules of interim measures for arbitration,and does not better restrict the power of the court in arbitration.Therefore,it is called an“Unfriendly jurisdiction for international arbitration”.In addition,the legal application relationship between relevant laws of arbitration in Pakistan is complex and uncertain.Based on this,it is suggested that the Chinese parties,when participating in the arbitration in Pakistan,make full use of Pakistan’s rules on recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards,and pay close attention to Pakistan’s public order rules to avoid legal risks.

关 键 词：巴基斯坦 仲裁协议 仲裁程序 仲裁裁决 承认与执行 

分 类 号：D935.3[政治法律—法学] D915.7