扩大国家免疫规划前后内江市流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of mumps before and after implementation of the Expanded Program on Immunization in Neijiang City

作　　者：刘春[1] 徐勇[1] 朱永义[1] 杨俊[1] 余华[1] 谢丹 LIU Chun;XU Yong;ZHU Yong-yi;YANG Jun;YU Hua;XIE Dan(Neijiang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Neijiang,Sichuan 641100,China)

机构地区：[1]内江市疾病预防控制中心,四川内江641100

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2022年第1期11-13,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：重大公共卫生服务资金资助(2100409)

摘　　要：目的分析内江市扩大国家免疫规划实施前后流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为防控流行性腮腺炎提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对扩大国家免疫规划实施前后(2004—2010年和2011—2020年),内江市流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征进行分析。结果扩大国家免疫规划实施前后,年均报告发病率分别为13.05/10万和12.28/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(趋势)=2647.68,P<0.05);2004—2020年每年各月均有病例报告,1月、5月、6月和12月为高发月份,其中4—7月为发病高峰,扩大国家免疫规划实施前后,发病高峰病例数占比分别为53.39%和51.07%;扩大国家免疫规划实施后,全市4个县(市、区)(占80.00%)年均报告发病率较实施前有一定程度的下降;扩大国家免疫规划实施前后,发病前三位的职业均为学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童,占比分别为94.58%和93.25%;扩大国家免疫实施前后,15岁以下病例数占比分别为92.98%和91.99%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=563.26,P<0.05)。结论扩大国家免疫规划实施后,内江市流行性腮腺炎发病率呈下降趋势。但2014年后持续下降的趋势不明显,且14岁以下儿童发病率仍维持在较高水平,建议对适龄儿童开展2剂次含麻腮风疫苗接种,进一步降低流行性腮腺炎发病率。Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of mumps before and after implementation of the Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI)in Neijiang City so as to provide a scientific basis for mumps prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps before and after implementation of the EPI(2004-2010 and 2011-2020)in Neijiang City.Results The annual average incidence rates of mumps before and after implementation of the EPI were 13.05/100,000 and 12.28/100,000,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)_(trend)=2,647.68,P<0.05).There were cases reported in each month during 2004-2020,and most of the cases occurred in January,May,June and December,with the peak of incidence in April-July.The proportions of cases in the months in which the peaks of incidence appeared before and after implementation of the EPI were 53.39%and 51.07%respectively.Compared with before implementation of the EPI,the annual average incidence of mumps in 4 counties(cities or districts)of Neijiang City(accounting for 80.00%)decreased at a certain extent after implementation of the EPI.The top three incidence rates appeared in students,children in nurseries&kindergartens and scattered children both before and after implementation of the EPI,accounting for 94.58%and 93.25%,respectively.Before and after implementation of the EPI,the proportions of cases in children at ages of less than 15 years were 92.98%and 91.99%,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=563.26,P<0.05).Conclusion After implementation of the EPI,the incidence rate of mumps in Neijiang City showed a downward trend.However,the trend of continued decline was not obvious since 2014,and the incidence rate in children at ages of less than 14 years remained at a high level.It is suggested that two doses of measles,mumps and rubella combined vaccine should be inoculated to children at school age so as to further decrease the incidence of mumps.

关 键 词：流行性腮腺炎 扩大国家免疫规划 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R512.1[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]