细胞外囊泡在真菌与宿主相互作用中的研究进展  

Progress of extracellular vesicles in fungal-host interactions

作　　者：张宇[1] 刘哲[2] 吕莎[2] 李福秋[2] 王爽[2] ZHANG Yu;LIU Zhe;LV Sha(Laboratory Department of Clinical Laboratory,the Second Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学第二医院检验科,长春130021 [2]吉林大学第二医院皮肤科,长春130021

出　　处：《实用皮肤病学杂志》2023年第4期230-234,共5页Journal of Practical Dermatology

基　　金：长春市科技局重点研发计划关键技术攻关专项(21ZGY22);吉林省自然科学基金(学科布局项目)(20210101318JC);吉林省教育厅科学技术研究项目(JJKH20211145KJ)

摘　　要：真菌感染一直是严重的全球健康问题,随着发病率的逐年增加和耐药菌株的不断出现,对其致病机制和耐药机制的研究亟待深入。但人们对真菌如何在感染过程中与宿主相互作用,甚至对宿主进行操纵知之甚少。近年来,细胞外囊泡的功能研究成为热点。囊泡内运输的物质除保证其生存必需,可通过激活/抑制宿主细胞免疫应答,或其他作用于宿主细胞影响其内部微环境的方式改变感染进程和结果。该文对真菌细胞外囊泡的分类、形成、功能及其与宿主间相互作用加以综述,以期了解真菌如何利用细胞外囊泡改变宿主的免疫和非免疫反应,从而提高对真菌细胞间通讯的理解,有助于解析真菌与宿主之间相互交流的复杂性,从而针对性开发出对抗真菌感染的治疗策略。Fungal infection is a serious global health problem.The incidence is increasing rapidly and is further complicated by the emergence of more virulent,drug-resistant strains.There is an urgent need to uncover the pathogenicity mechanisms of fungal pathogens and develop novel drugs that can exert potent antifungal activity and overcome resistance.Nevertheless,little is known about fungal–host interactions and how these pathogens can manipulate hosts.In the last decade,extracellular vesicles(EVs)have become a hot topic.EVs contain specific proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids that can be passed to other cells as signal molecules to alter their function and play a significant role in many aspects of cellular life including cell-to-cell communication,infection and cancer.However,it is just at the beginning of understanding the influence of EVs on fungal pathophysiology and host-pathogen interactions.This review summarize the current understanding of fungal extracellular vesicles,including the biogenesis,secretion and functions.This paper also discuss the way they may influence the human immune response in order to understand how EVs mediate host immune and non-immune responses to fungi in the context of the communication with specific hosts suggesting potential new avenues for antifungal therapies.

关 键 词：真菌感染 细胞外囊泡 宿主 免疫应答 

分 类 号：R379[医药卫生—病原生物学]