中国古代渤海国早期皇家园林景观复原研究——以渤海国中京西古城为例  

Landscape Restoration of Early Imperial Gardens in Bohai State in Ancident China——A Case Study of Zhongjing Xigucheng

作　　者：隋庆宇 贾泓祚 周燕[2] 樊磊[2] 闫红伟[2] SUI Qing-yu;JIA Hong-zuo;ZHOU Yan;FAN Lei;YAN Hong-wei(College of Agronomy,Yanbian University,Yanji 133002,Jilin Province,China;Shenyang Agricultural University,College of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Northern Landscape Plants and Regional Landscape,Educational Department of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning Province,China)

机构地区：[1]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133002 [2]沈阳农业大学林学院/辽宁省教育厅北方园林植物与地域景观重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期708-716,共9页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目“基于民族植物学知识的延边朝鲜族乡土景观保护研究”(31760233);吉林省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目“乡村振兴视野下朝鲜族传统景观文化研究”(JJKH20210601SK);延边大学博士启动基金项目“延边朝鲜族传统村落景观保护研究”(602018022);延边大学校企合作课题“延边朝鲜族传统景观要素的提取及其在当代园林景观规划设计中的应用研究”(602019089);延边大学校企合作课题“朝鲜族民俗文化在延边州居住区园林规划设计中的应用研究”(602020214)

摘　　要：渤海国中京西古城位于今吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州和龙市境内,是由唐朝时期活跃于中国东北地区的靺鞨族政权所建立的平原都城。该都城在建造形式上分为内城和外城,其内城部分整体规划严谨、布局中轴对称、功能分区明确、园林艺术精湛,形成独具地方和民族特色的皇家园林景观,并对渤海国此后“五京制”的巩固以及平原都城建设产生重要影响。通过整理考古资料、分析文献壁画和勘测古城遗址等研究方法,对渤海国西古城内城节点建筑所组成的复合式园林建筑景观群进行景观复原,累计模拟朝殿、寝殿、廊庑、井亭和后苑等五大类共计八处的渤海式园林建筑。通过以园路遗址残存、建筑布局规划、建筑使用功能和出入口朝向等参照要素为依托,进一步模拟复原出内城区域的园路走向,还原渤海国初期的皇家园林景观,并对其特征进行探讨与论证。Zhongjing Xigucheng in Bohai State was located in the present Helong city of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province.It was a plain capital built by Mohe nationality in northeast China during Tang Dynasty.This capital was made up of inner city and outer city.Its inner city of the capital had strict overall planning,axisymmetrical layout,clear functional zoning and exquisite garden art,forming the royal garden landscape with unique local and national characteristics.It had an important influence on the consolidation of the"Five Capitals System"and the construction of the capital of the plain.This paper simulated and restored the compound garden architecture landscape group,which was composed of the city node buildings in the Zhoging Xigucheng by sorting out archaeological data,analyzed literature together with frescoes and surveying ancient city ruins.A total of eight Bohai-style garden buildings in five categories are simulated,including political palace,living palace,veranda,pavilion with a well and rear garden.Based on the reference factors such as the remnant of the road site,architectural layout planning,architectural function and entrance and exit orientation,the road direction of the inner city area is further simulated and restored.Finally,this paper restored the royal garden landscape in the early period of Bohai State,discussed and demonstrated its characteristics.

关 键 词：渤海国 西古城 内城 皇家园林 景观复原 

分 类 号：TU986.5[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]