国家治理体系和治理能力现代化下海上偷越国(边)境犯罪的司法认定  

Judicial Determination of the Crime of Illegally Crossing the Country Border at Sea under the Modernization of the China Governance System and Governance Capacity

作　　者：潘典 邵宏润 裴兆斌[1] PAN Dian;SHAO Hong-run;PEI Zhao-bin(School of Marine Law and Humanities,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,Liaoning Province,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学海洋法律与人文学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期202-207,共6页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：辽宁省新文科研究与改革实践项目“文农交叉融合视角下卓越海洋法治人才培养创新与实践研究”(辽教办[2021]133号);辽宁省教育科学“十三五”规划立项重点课题“新时代海洋强国背景下海洋法治人才培养体系创新与实践”(JG20DA003);辽宁省普通高等教育本科教学改革研究项目“省属院校二级学院本科教学质量监控体系构建的研究与实践”(辽教办[2021]254号)

摘　　要：在世界百年未有之大变局形势下,需要实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,建立系统完备的新型举国体制,进而充分发挥新型举国体制的特色和优势。自改革开放以来,随着世界经济发展不平衡加剧,各国偷渡犯罪日渐猖獗。近年来,一些中国周边国家的渔船进入中国海域进行非法活动。在新冠肺炎疫情暴发之后,海上偷越国(边)境犯罪的问题更是日益突出。党的十九大提出建设海洋强国的目标,对打击海上犯罪、维护海洋权益提出了新的要求。为解决中国对此类犯罪的司法认定存在的不明确问题,梳理海上偷越国(边)境犯罪的法律规定及其相关司法解释,分析海上偷越国(边)境犯罪的特点。目前由于国家对海上偷越国(边)境犯罪的立法不足,导致此类犯罪在司法认定过程中存在海上国(边)境范围、构成要件和“情节严重”等方面的认定难,对新出现的海上偷越过程中组织行为和非法越界捕捞行为如何认定把握不清。对此,分别从犯罪构成的四个方面提出具化“其他情节严重的情形”、按犯罪目的对海上偷越过程中的组织行为进行处罚、在刑法中增设“海上非法越界罪”并规定“以船舶为单位实施本罪的认为是单位犯罪”且主观上具有直接故意和间接故意均可构成本罪的对策建议。Under the situation of great changes unseen in the world in a century,it is necessary to establish a new type of state-owned system with perfect systems,so as to give full play to the characteristics and advantages of the new type of state-owned system in order to realize the co-frequency resonance of the new type of state-owned system and the modernization of state governance,to promote the modernization of national governance capacity.Since the reform and opening up,with the increasing imbalance of economic development,the crime of illegal immigration has become increasingly rampant.In recent years,a large number of fishing vessels from neighboring countries have entered illegal activities in China’s coastal waters.After the outbreak of COVID-19,the problem of cross-border crime is becoming increasingly prominent.In addition,the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the goal of building a maritime power,which put forward new requirements for combating maritime crimes and safeguarding maritime rights and interests.In order to solve the problem of unclear judicial identification of such crimes in China,this paper starts from combing the legal provisions and relevant judicial interpretation of the crime of stealing across the country border at sea,expounds the characteristics of this crime,and defines this crime as a crime with great harm and strong organization.Due to the lack of legislation on the crime of illegally crossing the country border at sea in China,it is difficult to identify the scope of the country border at sea,the constituent elements and the serious circumstances in the judicial identification process of such crimes,and it is not clear how to identify the new organizational behavior and illegal cross-border fishing behavior in the process of illegal cross-border fishing.Finally,the following countermeasures are proposed from the four aspects of crime composition:to specify the"other aggravating circumstances",to punish the organisational behaviour in the process of

关 键 词：海上偷越国(边)境 海洋立法 司法认定 海上犯罪 海洋强国 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]