东北地区朝鲜族村落选址及空间形态分析——以延边朝鲜族自治州龙井市朝鲜族村落为例  

A Study on Site Selection and Spatial Form of Korean-Chinese Villages in Northeast China——Focusing on the Villages of Longjing City in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture

作　　者：周燕[1] 李瑞 樊磊[1] 闫红伟[1] ZHOU Yan;LI Rui;FAN Lei;YAN Hong-wei(College of Forestry,Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern Landscape Plants and Regional Landscape,Educational Department of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning Province,China;College of Agriculture,Yanbian University,Yanji 133002,Jilin Province,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学林学院/辽宁省教育厅北方园林植物与地域景观重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133002

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期56-63,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于民族植物学知识的延边朝鲜族乡土景观保护研究”(31760233);吉林省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目“乡村振兴视野下朝鲜族传统景观文化研究”(JJKH20210601SK);延边大学博士启动基金项目“延边朝鲜族传统村落景观保护研究”(602018022);延边大学校企合作课题“延边朝鲜族传统景观要素的提取及其在当代园林景观规划设计中的应用研究”“朝鲜族民俗文化在延边州居住区园林规划设计中的应用研究”(602019089,602020214)

摘　　要：朝鲜族村落具有鲜明的东北地域文化特色,是传承朝鲜族传统文化的物质化载体。以延边朝鲜族自治州龙井市域内的朝鲜族村落为研究对象,采用田野调查结合遥感卫星影像分析的研究方法,对村落与山体、水体、田地和林地等景观构成要素的空间形态进行研究,得出隔山近水型、背山近水型、背山远水型、依山近水型和依山远水型五种村落选址类型,并发现不同选址类型村落的村民的生产生活方式之间存在一定差异。通过朝鲜族村落内部的建筑布局与街巷肌理之间的关系研究,得出点状村落、带状村落和团状村落三种村落平面形态特征,这反映了朝鲜族村落的历史发展脉络及环境景观特色,因此,延边朝鲜族自治州龙井市朝鲜族村落的可持续发展应遵循自然规律,共享生态财富;活化民族习俗,弘扬传统文化;助力乡村开发,发展产业经济。The Korean-Chinese villages have distinctive regional cultural characteristics.And they are a material carrier for inheriting the traditional Korean-Chinese culture.This paper takes the Korean-Chinese villages in Longjing City,Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture as the research object,and adopts the research method of field survey combined with remote sensing satellite image analysis.Based on the study of the spatial relationship between the village and the landscape elements such as mountain,water body,field and woodland,five types of village site selection are obtained,namely,the type of“the villages facing rivers”,“the villages standing in front of river and against mountain”,“the villages standing against mountain”,“the villages standing in front of river and on the mountain”,and“the villages standing on the mountain”.This paper expounds the differences of production and life styles of villages with different site selection types.Through the research of the relationship between the architectural layout and the street texture within the village,three types of village plan features are derived:point-like village,ribbon-like village and group-like village.They reflect the development and landscape characteristics of Korean-Chinese villages.This paper puts forward three suggestions for the sustainable development of Korean-Chinese villages:sharing ecological wealth,activating traditional culture and expanding economic industry.The research results can play a role in the future Korean-Chinese village landscape planning and design,landscape renewal and revitalization.

关 键 词：风景园林 朝鲜族村落 延边朝鲜族自治州 村落选址 空间形态 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]