冻凝引发秸秆纤维素改性阳离子絮凝剂的制备  

Preparation of Straw Cellulose Modified Cationic Flocculant Initiated by Freezing

作　　者：王春晓[1] 张小凤[1] 陈平清[1] WANG Chun-xiao;ZHANG Xiao-feng;CHEN Ping-qing(Department of Chemical Engineering,Maoming Polytechnic,Maoming 525000,China)

机构地区：[1]茂名职业技术学院化学工程系,茂名525000

出　　处：《当代化工》2020年第11期2427-2430,共4页Contemporary Chemical Industry

基　　金：茂名市科技计划项目(项目编号:2017000015)

摘　　要：以污水中表面带阴离子的微米级稳定悬浮物为处理对象,以提高降解性、降低成本为目标,选择秸秆为原料,采用冷冻碱法提取纤维素,与丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)共聚制备絮凝剂。采用双引发体系提高引发效率,采用冻凝引发技术及时带走聚合热,降低聚合温度,提高单体转化率,增大相对分子质量。探讨不同秸秆源纤维素、纤维素用量、冻凝引发温度、冷冻时间对絮凝效果的影响,得出最佳制备工艺条件。结果表明:当m玉米秸秆纤维素:m(AM+DAC)=1∶10,分别采用KMnO4、亚硫酸氢钠、过硫酸钾、尿素引发聚合,单体总质量分数30%,冻凝引发温度-20℃,冷冻时间150 min,室温下反应4 h,所制得的絮凝剂对微米级悬浮颗粒的去除率可达94.3%。所得改性絮凝剂颜色浅,絮团产生快,结构粗大,沉降层紧密,絮凝剂应用前景良好。Taking the micron level stable suspended solids with anions on the surface of sewage as the treatment target,improving degradation and reducing cost as the goal,using straw as raw material,the cellulose was extracted by freezing alkali method,then put it copolymerized with AM and DAC to prepare flocculant.Double initiation system was adopted to improve the initiation efficiency,freezing initiation technology was used to remove the polymerization heat in time and reduce polymerization temperature,in order to improve monomer conversion and increase molecular weight.The effect of different straw source cellulose,cellulose dosage,freezing temperature and freezing time on flocculation effect was discussed,and the best preparation conditions were obtained.The results showed that,when m(corn straw cellulose)∶m(AM+DAC)=1∶10,KMnO4,sodium bisulfite,potassium persulfate and urea were used to initiate polymerization respectively,the total monomer mass fraction was 30%,the freezing initiation temperature was-20℃,the freezing time was 150 min,the reaction time was 4 h,the reaction temperature was room temperature,the flocculant could be prepared,the removal rate of micron scale suspended particles reached 94.3%by using the flocculant.The modified flocculant has the advantages of light color,fast floc formation,thick structure,dense settling layer,so its application prospect is good.

关 键 词：秸秆纤维素 天然高分子 阳离子絮凝剂 

分 类 号：X703.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]