花岗岩潜山裂缝地震预测技术  

Seismic techniques for predicting fractures in granite buried hills

作　　者：姜晓宇[1] 张研[1] 甘利灯[1] 宋涛[1] 杜文辉[1] 周晓越 JIANG Xiaoyu;ZHANG Yan;GAN Lideng;SONG Tao;DU Wenhui;ZHOU Xiaoyue(Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,CNPC,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2020年第3期694-704,474,共12页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“前陆冲断带及复杂构造区地震成像关键技术与构造圈闭刻画”(2016ZX05003-003)资助

摘　　要：在大量文献调研基础上,分析常用的花岗岩潜山裂缝地震预测技术应用的前提条件、应用效果及优缺点。得到以下结论:①构造导向滤波技术可以提高叠后地震资料信噪比,"两宽一高"地震资料能显著提高潜山顶面及内幕成像精度;②相干体技术不受解释误差影响但刻画精度低,且只能预测同相轴错断的断层;③曲率属性只能识别两侧存在地层褶曲现象的断裂;④蚂蚁体属性能定性识别小断层和大尺度裂缝,与叠前方位各向异性结合可实现大尺度及中等尺度裂缝发育带的定量预测;⑤与相干等传统叠后属性相比,最大似然体属性预测裂缝精度更高,能实现断裂带内部及裂缝密集发育区的预测,但缺乏主干断裂信息;⑥基于统计法的各向异性强度计算结果比基于椭圆拟合法的计算结果更准确。After analyzing the preconditions,application,advantages and disadvantages of techniques for predicting fractures in granite buried hill reservoirs on the basis of a large number of references,it is concluded that:(1)The structure-oriented filtering technique can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of post-stack seismic data,and the seismic data with WWH(wide frequency,wide azimuth and high density)can significantly improve the imaging accuracy of the top and inside of buried hills;(2)Coherent volume is not affected by interpretation errors,but its description accuracy is lower,and it can only predict faults with discontinuous events;(3)Curvature attributes can only identify the fault with folded formations on both sides of it;(4)Ant bodies attributes can qualitatively identify small faults and large fractures,and combining with prestack azimuth anisotropy,they can quantitatively predict large and medium fracture zones;(5)Compared with traditional post-stack attributes such as coherence,the maximum likelihood volume is accurate to predict fractures,and it can predict the interior of a fault zone and a dense fracture area,but it can’t provide the information about trunk faults;(6)The anisotropic strength based on statistical data is more accurate than that based on ellipse fitting.

关 键 词：花岗岩潜山 地震属性 裂缝预测 最大似然体 两宽一高 OVT 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]