英印吞并锡金与中国政府的应对(1890-1950)  

British India’s Annexation of Sikkim and Chinese Government’s Response,1890-1950

作　　者：张皓[1,2] Zhang Hao

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875 [2]青海师范大学历史学院,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《史学月刊》2023年第10期44-56,共13页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：近代以来,英国、印度本着其争夺中亚细亚和印度洋地区的战略,企图吞并锡金,锡金问题由此产生。英国通过《中英藏印条约》竭力剥夺锡金在中国传统的政治地位,清政府被迫承认锡金变为英国“保护国”。同时,英国以分水岭为界竭力割占与锡金北面、东面毗邻的中国领土,取得锡金方向对中国的交通战略态势。尽管如此,锡金仍然保持与中国的传统联系,中国的西藏地方政府坚持传统边界线并按此修建道路里程碑,多次要求归还锡金;国民政府也曾计划通过废除《中英藏印条约》以收复锡金。印度独立后继承英国对南亚次大陆的战略,利用1949年至1950年中国局势的变化和远东格局的演变,分三步走吞并锡金。中国政府批评印度吞并锡金,但是一时无暇顾及。这样,锡金问题成为中印两国关系发展中的外交交涉问题。Since modern times,Britain and India tried their best to annex Sikkim based on their strategies to compete for Central Asia and the Indian Ocean region,and Sikkim problem emerged.Britain tried its best to deprive Sikkim of its traditional political position in China through Anglo-Chinese Convention Relating to Sikkim and Tibet,and the Qing government was compelled to acknowledge that Sikkim had become British protectorate.At the same time,Britain insisted that the boundary was divided by watershed and tried its best to annex and occupy Chinese territory which was adjacent to the north and east of Sikkim.In this way,Britain had achieved the transportation and strategic advantage over China from the direction of Sikkim.Despite all this,Sikkim still maintained its traditional connections with China,while the local government of Tibet maintained the traditional boundary and constructed road milestones on the one hand,and repeatedly asked the British to return Sikkim to China on the other.The National Government once planned to abolish Anglo-Chinese Convention Relating to Sikkim and Tibet to reclaim Sikkim.India after independence carried on the British strategies to compete for Central Asia and the Indian Ocean region.It made use of the changes of the situation in China and the evolution of the Far East pattern from 1949to 1950,and took three steps to annex Sikkim.Although Chinese government criticized India’s annexation of Sikkim,it had no time to deal with Indian annexation.In consequence,Sikkim problem has become an issue in the development of China-India relations.

关 键 词：锡金问题 《中印藏印条约》 1950年印度锡金和平条约 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]