赫伯特·威尔斯《时间机器》中的身体退化危机书写  

The Writing of Physical Degradation Crisis in Herbert G.Wells’s The Time Machine

作　　者：廖望 Liao Wang

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学外国语学院

出　　处：《文化研究》2022年第1期81-96,共16页Cultural Studies

基　　金：中国博士后基金面上项目“英国科幻小说中的疾病想象与群体焦虑”(2020M670080)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：赫伯特·威尔斯是维多利亚时代著名的乌托邦小说家,也是英国科幻小说的先驱之一。在地理批评的视角下,威尔斯影响最广的科幻小说《时间机器》颠覆了传统的牛顿线性时空理论,通过三次“时间旅行”并置了多个异质性的空间,使得主角“时间旅行家”观察到地球生物种群由繁盛走向灭绝,也观察到人类演化成为处于食物链不同位置的两个物种,在身体形态、精神状态、生活习性等方面也呈现出明显的退化特征。这一场普遍性的退化危机不仅是威尔斯对社会达尔文主义思潮的质疑,也反映了维多利亚时代英国民众对工业化所导致的生态恶化与阶级对立的焦虑。Herbert G.Wells,the well-known Victorian utopian novelist,is also one of the pioneers of British science fiction.His most influential science fiction novel,The Time Machine,subverts the classical theory of time and space established by Newton from the perspective of geocriticism.Heterogeneous future spaces are juxtaposed in three“time travels”,in which the protagonist“time traveler”observes the huge transformation of the earth's biological population from prosperity to extinction.Human has also evolved into two species of different places in the food chain,with distinct degenerative features in terms of physical form,mental state,living habits,and so on.This universal crisis of devolution not only demonstrates Wells's questioning of social Darwinism,but also reflects the British public's anxiety about the ecological degradation and class antagonism caused by industrialization in the Victorian society.

关 键 词：《时间机器》 科幻小说 身体 疾病书写 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]