祁连山区主要下垫面土壤粒径分布特征  

Characteristics of Soil Particle Size Distribution of Main Land Surfaces in Qilian Mountains

作　　者：贺燕 魏霞[1] 魏宁[2] 于文竹 崔霞[1] 赵恒策 HE Yan;WEI Xia;WEI Ning;YU Wenzhu;CUI Xia;ZHAO Hengce(College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Science,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [2]西北农林科技大学理学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2020年第2期42-47,54,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室开放基金及兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金“全球变暖背景下青藏高原多年冻土区主要下垫面土壤侵蚀过程与侵蚀强度空间分布特征研究”(lzujbky-2018-kb01).

摘　　要：为揭示祁连山区土壤结构异质性和粒径分布(PSD)的非均匀性,阐明主要下垫面土壤性质差异及土地退化趋势。以祁连山区荒漠、草原、草甸和灌丛等下垫面土壤为研究对象,运用分形理论和相关分析研究了土壤颗粒的粗糙度和非均匀性,分析了下垫面、土壤质地对分形参数的影响。结果表明:土壤单重分形维数(DV)分布范围为2.089~2.500,下垫面对DV、多重分形参数(容量维数D0,信息维数D1,关联维数D2,D1/D0)影响显著,荒漠土壤粗糙度显著(p<0.01)高于草原、草甸、灌丛,其PSD测度的集中度、非均匀性显著(p<0.05)高于草原、草甸,说明祁连山区整体土壤质地较粗,自东向西逐渐粗化且非均匀性增大。黏粒、粉粒体积分数与DV极显著正相关,与多重分形参数显著正相关(D0除外),且DV和多重分形参数分别受黏粒、细砂粒体积分数的主导作用。该研究通过对土壤颗粒微观结构详细分析,可为祁连山区不同下垫面土壤改良及实际生产提供理论基础,为生态环境治理提供科学依据。In order to clarify the heterogeneity of soil particle size distribution(PSD)and reveal the soil property difference and land degradation trend of land surface in Qilian Mountains,four types of land use(desert,alpine steppe,alpine meadow,and shrub)in Qilian Mountains were selected as the research samples.The contents of soil particle sizes were measured using a laser particle analyzer,soil fractal model and correlation analysis were applied to study the coarseness and the heterogeneity of soil particle composition,and the effects of land-use and soil texture on fractal parameters were analyzed.The results show that the single fractal dimensions(DV)of the four land surfaces range from 2.089 to 2.500,the land surface has significant influence on the DV and multi-fractal parameters(capacity dimension D0,information dimension D1,correlation dimension D2,and D1/D0),that is,the ANOVA indicates that the coarseness of soil particles in desert is significantly higher(p<0.01)than those of alpine steppe,alpine meadow,and shrub,the local concentration rate and inhomogeneity of the soil PSD measurement of desert are significantly higher(p<0.05)than those of alpine steppe,and alpine meadow,indicating that the overall soil texture is coarse and presents a tendency of coarsening,and heterogeneity of soil texture increases from east to west in Qilian Mountains;the contents soil clay and silt are significantly positively correlated with DV,and positively correlated with multi-fractal parameters,DVand multi-fractal parameters are mainly affected by the content of clay and content of fine sand,respectively.This study analyzed the microstructure of soil particles in detail,which can provide the theoretical basis for soil improvement and actual production of different land surfaces in Qilian Mountains,and scientific basis for ecological environment management.

关 键 词：粒径分布 单重分形 多重分形 土壤 祁连山 

分 类 号：S152.3[农业科学—土壤学]