中国老年人健康自评状况分析  

Analysis on self-rated health of aging population in China

作　　者：王硕[1] 董翠红[1] 王雷[1] 单白雪 WANG Shuo;DONG Cui-hong;WANG Lei;SHAN Bai-xue(Department of Health Management,Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Yantai 264199,P.R.China;Preventive Medicine Teaching and Research Office,Department of Basic Medicine,Heze Medical College,Heze 274009,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]山东中医药高等专科学校中医系健康管理教研室,山东烟台264199 [2]菏泽医学专科学校基础医学部预防医学教研室,山东菏泽274009

出　　处：《社区医学杂志》2020年第4期227-230,共4页Journal Of Community Medicine

基　　金：中医药科技发展计划(2019-0255);山东中医药高等专科学校校级课题(2018ky07).

摘　　要：目的中国已经步入老龄化社会,老年人可能会受慢性病和日常活动受限等应激事件问题影响,可能影响老年人身体、心理和社会适应的健康水平。本研究基于目前人口老龄化背景,了解中国≥60岁老年人健康自评状况,为提高老年人健康水平,以及制定相应干预措施提供依据。方法采用2016年中国家庭追踪调查(Chinese family panel studies,CFPS)项目成年人调查的部分资料,描述我国≥60岁老年人的健康自评情况,采用χ~2检验比较不同特征人群健康自评的差异性,以及和本人1年前比较健康自评的差异性。结果8060名老年人中年龄60~98岁;男4017名(49.8%),女4043名(50.2%);农村4260名(52.9%),城市3800名(47.1%)。有6.3%老年人自评为非常健康,10.3%认为很健康,30.9%认为比较健康,23.5%认为一般,29%认为不健康。不同性别(χ~2=117.822,P<0.001)、年龄(χ~2=21.243,P=0.007)、婚姻状态(χ~2=28.658,P=0.026)、居住地(χ~2=128.97,P<0.001)、2周内患病情况(χ~2=1200.773,P<0.001)和6个月内是否有慢性疾病(χ~2=739.758,P<0.001)的≥60岁老年人健康自评状况差异均有统计学意义;与1年前自身健康状况比较,不同性别(χ~2=51.631,P<0.001)、年龄(χ~2=25.389,P<0.001)、婚姻状态(χ~2=20.546,P<0.001)、居住地(χ~2=40.987,P<0.001)、2周内患病情况(χ~2=1020.030,P<0.001)和6个月内是否有慢性疾病(χ~2=328.210,P<0.001)的健康自评变化情况差异均有统计学意义。结论近1/3老年人健康自评现状不容乐观,应重点关注老年人的婚姻状况、躯体健康状况和高龄老年人,提高其健康水平。OBJECTIVE China has entered an aging society.The elderly may be affected by chronic diseases,daily activities and other problems.These stress events may affect the elderly physical,psychological and social adjustment of the health level.Based on the current population aging background,this study investigated the self-rated health status of the elderly aged 60 years and over in China,in order to provide the basis for improving the health level of the elderly and formulating corresponding intervention measures.METHODS Based on data of cross-sectional study of Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2016,self-rated health status of aging 60 population in China was described.Chi-square test was used to examine self-rated health differences among specific population and compared with that of one year ago.RESULTS Among a total of 8060 aging population aged 60 to 98,4017(49.8%)were males,4043(50.2%)were females,4260(52.9%)were rural residents,and 3800(47.1%)were urban residents.6.3%of the elderly considered their self-rated health as‘excellent’,10.3%as‘very good’,30.9%as‘good’,23.5%as‘general’,and 29.0%as‘pool’.The respondents differed in self-rated health conditions with different gender(χ~2=117.822,P<0.001),age(χ~2=21.243,P=0.007),marital status(χ~2=28.658,P=0.026),residence(χ~2=128.97,P<0.05),two week prevalence(χ~2=1200.773,P<0.001)and chronic disease(χ~2=739.758,P<0.001).Compared with those 1 year ago,there were statistical differences in self-rated health of the respondents with different gender(χ~2=51.631,P<0.001),age(χ~2=25.389,P<0.001),marital status(χ~2=20.546,P<0.001),residence(χ~2=40.987,P<0.001),two week prevalence(χ~2=1020.030,P<0.001)and chronic disease(χ~2=328.210,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Nearly one-third of the elderly self-rated health is not optimistic so as to special attention should be paid to health status of those with non-marital status,poor physical health and the oldest age.

关 键 词：老年人 健康自评 老龄化 预防医学 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]